TS-8150-4720

From embeddedTS Manuals
Revision as of 17:29, 17 January 2022 by Lionel (talk | contribs) (Links auto-updated for 2022 re-branding ( https://www.embeddedarm.com/images/boards/medium/ts-8150-4720.gif →‎ https://www.embeddedTS.com/images/boards/medium/ts-8150-4720.gif https://cdn.embeddedarm.com/resource-attachments/ts-4720-schematic.pdf →‎ https://cdn.embeddedTS.com/resource-attachments/ts-4720-schematic.pdf http://www.embeddedarm.com/products/ts-socket.php →‎ http://www.embeddedTS.com/products/ts-socket.php https://www.embeddedarm.com/product-images/TS-8150-4720 →‎ https://...)
TS-8150-4720
ts-8150-4720.gif
Product Page
Product Images
Specifications
TS-8150
Schematic
Mechanical Drawing
TS-4720
Schematic
FTP Path
Processor
Marvell PXA166 or PXA168
800MHz or 1066MHz ARMv5TE Mohawk (ARM9 compatible)
CPU Series Website
PXA16X Software Guide

Overview

The TS-8150 is a low cost TS-Socket Baseboard in the same form factor as the TS-7260, TS-7800, and TS-8160. This board provides a second ethernet using the port provided by the macrocontroller's ethernet switch.

The TS-4720 is a TS-Socket Macrocontroller System on Module based on the TS-4700 with a revised FPGA to CPU interface, a faster CPU, more memory, dual ethernet, SD + eMMC, and a significantly faster boot time.

Getting Started

A Linux PC is recommended for development, and will be assumed for this documentation. For users in Windows or OSX we recommend virtualizing a Linux PC. Most of our platforms run Debian and if there is no personal distribution preference this is what we recommend for ease of use.

Virtualization

Suggested Linux Distributions

It may be possible to develop using a Windows or OSX system, but this is not supported. Development will include accessing drives formatted for Linux and often Linux based tools.

Booting up the board

WARNING: Be sure to take appropriate Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) precautions. Disconnect the power source before moving, cabling, or performing any set up procedures. Inappropriate handling may cause damage to the board.

This board accepts 5-28VDC input connected to the two terminal blocks.

Power connector

While operating the board will typically idle at around 340mA@5V, but this can very slightly based on your application. For example, every USB device can consume up to 500mA@5V. The ethernet interface can draw around 50mA while the interface is up. Every DIO pin can source up to 12mA from the FPGA. A Sandisk SD card can draw 65mA@3.3V during a write. A typical power supply for just the TS-8100-4700 will allow around 10W, but a larger power supply may be needed depending on your peripherals.

Once you have applied power to your baseboard you should look for console output. Creating this connection is described more in the next chapter, but the first output is from the bootrom:

  >> TS-BOOTROM - built Dec 21 2011 10:05:44
  >> Copyright (c) 2011, Technologic Systems
  >> Booting from microSD card ...
  .
  .
  .

The 3 dots after indicate steps of the booting procedure. The first dot means the MBR was copied into memory and executed. The next two dots indicate that the MBR executed and the kernel and initrd were found and copied to memory.

The "Booting from XXXX...." message will indicate your boot media, either SD or eMMC. On the TS-8150 this is controlled by the "SD Boot" jumper hear the ethernet connectors:

TS-8100-SDBOOT.jpg

Get a Console

Option 1: Telnet

If your system is configured with zeroconf support (Avahi, Bonjour, etc) you can simply connect to the TS-4710 with:

telnet ts4710-<last 6 characters of the MAC address>.local
# You will need to use your TS-4710 MAC address, but 
# for example if you mac is 00:d0:69:01:02:03
telnet ts4710-010203.local

When the board first powers up it has two network interfaces. The first interface eth0 is configured to use IPv4LL, and eth0:0 is configured to use DHCP. The board broadcasts using multicast DNS advertising the _telnet._tcp service. You can use this to query all of the available TS-4710s on the network.

From Linux you can use the avahi commands to query for all telnet devices with:

avahi-browse _telnet._tcp

Which would return:

+   eth0 IPv4 TS-4710 console [4f47a5]                      Telnet Remote Terminal local
+   eth0 IPv4 TS-4710 console [4f471a]                      Telnet Remote Terminal local

This will show you the mac address you can use to resolve the board. In this case you can connect to either ts4710-4f47a5 or ts4710-4f47a5.


From Windows you can use Bonjour Print Services to get the dns-sd command. OSX also comes preinstalled with the same command. Once this is installed you can run:

dns-sd -B _telnet._tcp

Which will return:

Browsing for _telnet._tcp
Timestamp     A/R Flags if Domain                    Service Type              Instance Name
10:27:57.078  Add     3  2 local.                    _telnet._tcp.             TS-4710 console [4f47a5]
10:27:57.423  Add     3  2 local.                    _telnet._tcp.             TS-4710 console [4f47a5]

This will show you the mac address you can use to resolve the board. In this case you can connect to either ts4710-4f47a5.local or ts4710-4f47a5.local.

Option 2: Serial Console

The TS-8150 console is an RS232 UART at 115200 baud, 8n1 (8 data bits 1 stop bit), and no flow control. You will need a NULL MODEM cable. On the TS-8150 you need to set the "Console Enable" jumper as pictured:

TS-8100-ConsoleEnable.jpg

Note: TS-8100 pictured above, your product may vary slightly in placement and nomenclature.

This will bring the console UART to both the DB9 Port, and the COM1 Header.

Note: If DIO_9 is held low during boot until the red LED comes on (around 5 seconds), console will be redirected to XUART 0. On the TS-8150 DIO9 is installed as a push switch if the second ethernet is not installed.


Console from Linux

There are many serial terminal applications for Linux, three common used applications are 'picocom', 'screen', and 'minicom'. These examples demonstrate all three applications and assume that the serial device is "/dev/ttyUSB0" which is common for USB adapters. Be sure to replace the serial device string with that of the device on your workstation.

'picocom' is a very small and simple client.

picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0

For Rev C hardware or newer.

picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyACM0


'screen' is a terminal multiplexer which happens to have serial support.

screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200

For Rev C hardware or newer.

screen /dev/ttyACM0 115200


Or a very commonly used client is 'minicom' which is quite powerful but requires some setup:

minicom -s
  • Navigate to 'serial port setup'
  • Type "a" and change location of serial device to '/dev/ttyUSB0' then hit "enter"
  • If needed, modify the settings to match this and hit "esc" when done:
     E - Bps/Par/Bits          : 115200 8N1
     F - Hardware Flow Control : No
     G - Software Flow Control : No
  • Navigate to 'Save setup as dfl', hit "enter", and then "esc"


Console from Windows

Putty is a small simple client available for download here. Open up Device Manager to determine your console port. See the putty configuration image for more details.

On boards using the Silabs CP210x driver:

Device Manager Putty Configuration

On boards using the Renesas USB CDC-ACM driver:

Device Manager 2 Putty Configuration 2

Initrd / Busybox

When the board first boots up you should have a console such as:

>> TS-BOOTROM - built Mar 14 2013 15:01:50
>> Copyright (c) 2012, Technologic Systems
.
.
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Booted in 0.90s
Initramfs Web Interface: http://ts47XX-112233.local

This is a minimalistic initial ram filesystem that includes our specific utilities for the board, and is then used to bootstrap the Linux root. The initramfs is built into the kernel image so it cannot be modified without rebuilding the kernel, but it does read several bits from nonvolatile memory for common configuration options we call soft jumpers. Note: Soft jumper settings are not stored on the SD media, so re-flashing your SD card will not reset the soft jumpers. This action can only be taken from within the OS.

WARNING: Setting soft jumper 1 will boot the system straight to Debian, leaving the serial port as the only default access method. Ensure that alternate access methods (telnet, SSH, etc.) are set up and working in Debian if the serial port is not a viable access method before this jumper is set. If a lockout situation does occur, please contact us at support@embeddedTS.com
Soft Jumpers
Jumper Function
1 Boot automatically to Debian [1]
2 Reserved
3 Reserved
4 Reserved
5 Reserved
6 Reserved
7 Skip most of the init. [2]
8 Skip full DRAM test on startup [3]
  1. Initramfs boot is default. Be sure to configure Debian before setting this jumper if serial port access is not possible, see "Warning" above.
  2. This option skips a significant amount of setup and will boot to a single SD card as fast as possible with no initialization. This mode will still execute /mnt/root/ts/init if it exists, or boot to Debian if jp1 is set. Note that this will not initialize any networking in the initramfs, leaving the serial port as the only access method. If booting to Debian, see "Warning" above.
  3. The DRAM test can be used to verify the RAM, but adds approximately 20 seconds to the boot time. This should normally only be enabled when diagnosing problems.

There are 2 ways to manipulate soft jumpers on the board. The web interface at

"http://ts<model>-<last 6 chars of the MAC>.local" 

has a list of checkboxes that will immediately change the values. You can also use tshwctl:

# Boot automatically to Debian:
tshwctl --setjp=1

# Or revert to the initramfs:
tshwctl --removejp=1

The Debian boot can also be inhibited by creating a file in /ts/fastboot in the Debian root. While this file exists the board will stop booting at the initramfs. If you do not have a serial console, make sure you first configure Debian's network settings first before booting directly to Debian. Once JP1 is enabled, the initramfs does not run ifplugd/udhcpc to configure the network.

Most development should be done in Debian, however many applications are capable of running from the initramfs. Utilities from Debian can be accessed under /mnt/root as read only, but for Debian services, or using apt-get a full boot into Debian should be performed. The initramfs itself cannot be easily modified, and it is not recommended to do so. The initramfs however has several hooks for applications to manipulate it's behavior.

/mnt/root/ts/init

For headless applications you can create a bash script with any initialization you require in /ts/init. This does not use the same $PATH as Debian, so you should enter the full path to any applications you intend to run from this environment. The init file does not exist by default and must be created.:

#!/bin/sh

/path/to/your/application &

Remember to set it executable!
chmod a+x /ts/init

/mnt/root/ts/initramfs-xinit

Graphical applications run in the initramfs should use /ts/initramfs-xinit. Users booting to Debian should use /usr/bin/default-x-session. The xinit file is used to start up a window manager and any applications. The default initramfs-xinit starts a webbrowser viewing localhost:

#!/bin/sh
# Causes .Xauthority and other temp files to be written to /root/ rather than default /
export HOME=/root/
# Disables icewm toolbars
export ICEWM_PRIVCFG=/mnt/root/root/.icewm/

# minimalistic window manager
icewm-lite &

# this loop verifies the window manager has successfully started
while ! xprop -root | grep -q _NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK
do
    sleep 0.1
done

# This launches the fullscreen browser.    If the xinit script ever closes, x11 will close.  This is why the last
# command is the target application which is started with "exec" so it will replace the xinit process id.
exec /usr/bin/fullscreen-webkit http://localhost

/mnt/root/ts/config

This config file can be used to alter many details of the initramfs boot procedure.

## This file is included by the early init system to set various bootup settings.
## if $jp7 is enabled none of these settings will be used.

## Used to control whether the FPGA is reloaded through software.
## 1 to enable reloading (default)
## 0 to disable reloading
#CFG_FPGARELOAD="0"

## By default dns-sd is started which advertises the ts<model>-<last 6 of mac> 
## telnet and http services using zeroconf.
## 1 to enable dns-sd (default)
## 0 to disable dns-sd
#CFG_DNSSD_EN="0"

## This is used to discover hosts and advertise this host over multicast DNS.
## 1 to enable mdns (default)
## 0 to disable mdns
#CFG_MDNS_EN="0"

## ifplugd is started in the initramfs to start udhcpc, and receive an ipv4ll
## address.
## 1 to enable ifplugd (default)
## 0 to disable ifplugd
#CFG_IFPLUGD_EN="0"

## By default telnet is started on port 2323.
## 1 to enable telnet (default)
## 0 to disable telnet
##CFG_TELNET_EN="0"

## The busybox webserver is used to display a diagnostic web interface that can
## be used for development tasks such as rewriting the SD or uploading new
## software
## 1 to enable (default)
## 0 to disable
##CFG_HTTPD_EN="0"

## This eanbles a reset switch on DIO 29 (TS-7700), or DIO 9 on all of the 
## boards (except TS-7250-V2).  Pull low to reset the board immediately.
## 1 to enable the reset sw (default)
## 0 to disable
#CFG_RESETSW_EN="0"

## The console is forwarded through xuartctl which makes the cpu console available
## over telnet or serial console.
## 1 to enable network console (default)
## 0 to disable network console
#CFG_NETCONS_EN="0"

## By default Alsa will put the SGTL5000 chip into standby after 5 seconds of 
## inactivity.  This is desirable in that it results in lower power consumption,
## but it can result in an audible popping noise.  This setting prevents 
## standby so the pop is never heard.  
## 1 to disable standby
## 0 to enable standby (default)
#CFG_SGTLNOSTBY="1"

## xuartctl is used to access the FPGA uarts.  By default it is configured to
## be IRQ driven which is optimized for best latency, but at the cost of 
## additional CPU time.  You can reduce this by specifying a polling rate.
## The xuartctl process also binds to all network interfaces which can provide a 
## simple network API to access serial ports remotely.  You can restrict this to
## the local network with the bind option.
## Configure XUART polling 100hz
## Default is IRQ driven
CFG_XUARGS="--irq=100hz"
## Configure xuartctl to bind on localhost
## Default binds on all interfaces
#CFG_XUARGS="--bind 127.0.0.1 --irq=100hz"
## For a full list of arguments, see the xuartctl documentation here:
## http://docs.embeddedts.com/wiki/Xuartctl#Usage

## By default the system will probe for up to 10s on USB for a mass storage device
## and mount the first partition.  If there is an executable /tsinit script in the
## root this will be executed.  This is intended for production or updates.
## 2 to enable USB init always (adds 10s or $CFG_USBTIME to startup)
## 1 to enable USB init when jp1=0 (default)
## 0 to disable USB init always
#CFG_USBINIT="2"

## The USB init script by default blocks for 10s to detect a thumb drive that 
## contains the tsinit script.  Most flash media based drives can be detected 
## in 3s or less.  Some spinning media drives can take 10s, or potentially longer.
## This options is the number of seconds to wait before giving up on the 
## mass storage device.
#CFG_USBTIME="3"

### TS-8700
## Using the TS-8700 baseboard the board will by default initialze all of the 
## ethernet ports as individual vlan ports, eg eth0.1, eth0.2, eth0,3, and eth0.4
## The alterantive option sets Port A to eth0.1, and Ports B-D to eth0.2, or
## you can configure all ethernet ports as a single eth0 port.
## See http://docs.embeddedts.com/wiki/TS-8700 for more information
## 2 disables any vlan and passes through all interfaces to eth0
## 1 enables "WLAN" mode setting "A" as eth0.1, and all others as eth0.2
## 0 enables "VLAN" mode for 4 individual ports (default)
#CFG_4ETH="1"

### TS-4712 / TS-4720
## These boards include an onboard switch with 2 external ports.  By default
## the switch will detect if it is on a known baseboard that supports the second
## ethernet switch port, and set up VLAN rules to define eth0.1 and eth0.2.  The
## other option is to configure the switch to pass through the packets to eth0
## regarless of port.
## 2 Disable VLAN and pass through to eth0
## 1 Enable VLAN on all baseboards
## 0 Enable VLAN on supported baseboards (Default)
#CFG_2ETH="1"

Debian Configuration

For development, it is recommended to work directly in Debian on the SD card. Debian provides many more packages and a much more familiar environment for users already versed in Debian. Through Debian it is possible to configure the network, use the 'apt-get' suite to manage packages, and perform other configuration tasks. Out of the box the Debian distribution does not have any default username/password set. The account "root" is set up with no password configured. It is possible to log in via the serial console without a password but many services such as ssh will require a password set or will not allow root login at all. It is advised to set a root password and create a user account when the unit is first booted.

Note: Setting up a password for root is only feasible on the uSD image.

It is also possible to cross compile applications. Using a Debian host system will allow for installing a cross compiler to build applications. The advantage of using a Debian host system comes from compiling against libraries. Debian cross platform support allows one to install the necessary development libraries on the host, building the application on the host, and simply installing the runtime libraries on the target device. The library versions will be the same and completely compatible with each other. See the respective Debian cross compiling section for more information.

Configuring the Network

This board includes a Marvell switch chip which allows 2 separate networks using the same network interface. See the Ethernet port section for more information on the switch settings. When the switch is configured for 2 separate networks (as it is by default), the eth0 interface should not be directly configured. The switch will provide the eth0.1 and eth0.2 interfaces which can be configured. If the switch is configured to pass through, then the eth0 interface should be used as normal.

The board is initially configured to boot to the initramfs. While in this state ifplugd will automatically assign an IP address, and even if you type "exit" to boot to Debian it will retain the address it was assigned. If you need to boot to the full Debian, networking should first be set up in the /etc/network/interfaces file. As an example, to get dhcp from eth0.1: Open /etc/network/interfaces

# We always want the loopback interface.
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0.1
iface eth0.1 inet dhcp

Once this file is set up, either reboot or "/etc/init.d/networking restart" for this to take effect.

From almost any Linux system you can use "ip" or the ifconfig/route commands to manually set up the network. To configure the network interface manually you can use the same set of commands in the initramfs or Debian.

# NOTE:  These are generic examples.  Be sure to read the entire networking section before trying any of these.
# Bring up the CPU network interface (for systems with only one Ethernet)
ifconfig eth0 up

# Or if you're on a baseboard with a second ethernet port, you can use that as:
ifconfig eth1 up

# Or if you're on a TS-7250-V2...
ifconfig eth0.1 up
ifconfig eth0.2 up

# Set an ip address (assumes 255.255.255.0 subnet mask)
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.50

# Set a specific subnet
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.50 netmask 255.255.0.0

# Configure your route.  This is the server that provides your internet connection.
route add default gw 192.168.0.1

# Edit /etc/resolv.conf for your DNS server
echo "nameserver 192.168.0.1" > /etc/resolv.conf

Most commonly networks will offer DHCP which can be set up with one command:

Configure DHCP in Debian:

# To setup the default CPU ethernet port
dhclient eth0
# Or if you're on a baseboard with a second ethernet port, you can use that as:
dhclient eth1
# You can configure all ethernet ports for a dhcp response with
dhclient

Configure DHCP in the initramfs:

udhcpc -i eth0
# Or if you're on a baseboard with a second ethernet port, you can use that as:
udhcpc -i eth1

To make your network settings take effect on startup in Debian, edit /etc/network/interfaces:

 # Used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8). See the interfaces(5) manpage or 
 # /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information.          
                                                                   
 # We always want the loopback interface.                          
 #                                                                 
 auto lo                                                           
 iface lo inet loopback                                            
                                                                   
 auto eth0                                                         
 iface eth0 inet static                                            
   address 192.168.0.50                                            
   netmask 255.255.255.0                                           
   gateway 192.168.0.1                                             
 auto eth1                                                         
 iface eth1 inet dhcp
Note: During Debian's startup it will assign the interfaces eth0 and eth1 to the detected mac addresses in /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules. If the system is imaged while this file exists it will assign the new interfaces as eth1 and eth2. This file is generated automatically on startup, and should be removed before your first software image is created. The initrd network configuration does not use this file.
Note: The /etc/resolv.conf file is linked to /dev/resolv.conf on purpose so both Debian and the Initramfs can use the same settings file. If configuring a static IP, replace the settings in this file with the appropriate settings for the target network. If configuring Debian to use DHCP, the file will be automatically overridden by the DHCP client, and no action is necessary.

In this example eth0 is a static configuration and eth1 receives its configuration from the DHCP server. For more information on network configuration in Debian see their documentation here.

WIFI Client

This board optionally supports 802.11 through the WIFI-N-USB-2 module using the ath9k_htc driver.

Scan for a network

ifconfig wlan0 up

# Scan for available networks
iwlist wlan0 scan

In this case I'm connecting to "default" which is an open network:

          Cell 03 - Address: c0:ff:ee:c0:ff:ee
                    Mode:Managed
                    ESSID:"default"
                    Channel:2
                    Encryption key:off
                    Bit Rates:9 Mb/s

To connect to this open network:

iwconfig wlan0 essid "default"

You can use the iwconfig command to determine if you have authenticated to an access point. Before connecting it will show something similar to this:

# iwconfig wlan0
wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:"default"  
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.417 GHz  Access Point: c0:ff:ee:c0:ff:ee   
          Bit Rate=1 Mb/s   Tx-Power=20 dBm   
          Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Encryption key:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=70/70  Signal level=-34 dBm  
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0

If you are connecting using WEP, you will need to define a network key:

iwconfig wlan0 essid "default" key "yourpassword"

If you are connecting to WPA you will need to use wpa_passphrase and wpa_supplicant:

wpa_passphrase the_essid the_password > /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

Now that you have the configuration file, you will need to start the wpa_supplicant daemon:

wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -B

Now you are connected to the network, but this would be close to the equivalent of connecting a network cable. To connect to the internet or talk to your internal network you will need to configure the interface. See the #Configuring the Network for more information, but commonly you can just run:

dhclient wlan0
Note: Some older images did not include the "crda" and "iw" packages required to make a wireless connection. If you cannot get an ip address you may want to connect over ethernet and install these packages with "apt-get install crda iw -y".

Host a WIFI Access Point

The software image includes a build of compat-drivers from 3.8 so a large amount of wireless devices are supported. Some devices support AP/Master mode which can be used to host an access point. The WIFI-N-USB-2 module we provide also supports this mode.

First install hostapd to manage the access point:

apt-get update && apt-get install hostapd -y

Edit /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf to include:

interface=wlan0
driver=nl80211
ssid=YourAPName
channel=1
Note: Refer to the kernel's hostapd documentation for more wireless configuration options.

To start the access point launch hostapd:

hostapd /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf &

This will create a valid wireless access point, however many devices will not be able to connect without either a static connection, or a DHCP server. Refer to Debian's documentation for more details on DHCP configuration.

Installing New Software

Debian provides the apt-get system which manages pre-built applications. Before packages can be installed, the list of package versions and locations needs to be updated. This assumes the device has a valid network connection to the internet.

Debian Wheezy has been moved to archive status, this requires an update of /etc/apt/sources.list to contain only the following lines:

 deb http://archive.debian.org/debian wheezy main non-free
 deb-src http://archive.debian.org/debian wheezy main non-free
apt-get update
apt-get install --allow-unauthenticated debian-archive-keyring
apt-get update

For example, lets say you wanted to install openjdk for Java support. You can use the apt-cache command to search the local cache of Debian's packages.

 <user>@<hostname>:~# apt-cache search openjdk                                                                                  
 icedtea-6-jre-cacao - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Cacao                                                           
 icedtea6-plugin - web browser plugin based on OpenJDK and IcedTea to execute Java applets                                 
 openjdk-6-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)                                                        
 openjdk-6-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)                                                      
 openjdk-6-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation                                                              
 openjdk-6-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)                                                                            
 openjdk-6-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot Zero (headless)                                             
 openjdk-6-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)                                            
 openjdk-6-jre-zero - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Zero/Shark                                                       
 openjdk-6-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot Zero                                                                 
 openjdk-6-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files                                                            
 openoffice.org - office productivity suite                                                                               
 freemind - Java Program for creating and viewing Mindmaps                                                                
 default-jdk-doc - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit (documentation)                                       
 default-jdk - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit                                                           
 default-jre-headless - Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime (headless)                                               
 default-jre - Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime                                                                   

In this case you will likely want openjdk-6-jre to provide a runtime environment, and possibly openjdk-6-jdk to provide a development environment. You can often find the names of packages from Debian's wiki or from just searching on google as well.

Once you have the package name you can use apt-get to install the package and any dependencies. This assumes you have a network connection to the internet.

apt-get install openjdk-6-jre
# You can also chain packages to be installed
apt-get install openjdk-6-jre nano vim mplayer

For more information on using apt-get refer to Debian's documentation here.

Setting up SSH

On our boards we include the Debian package for openssh-server, but we remove the automatically generated keys for security reasons. To regenerate these keys:

dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server

Make sure your board is configured properly on the network, and set a password for your remote user. SSH will not allow remote connections without a password or a shared key.

Note: Setting up a password for root is only feasible on the uSD image.
passwd root

You should now be able to connect from a remote Linux or OSX system using "ssh" or from Windows using a client such as putty.

Note: If your intended application does not have a DNS source on the target network, it can save login time to add "UseDNS no" in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.

Starting Automatically

From Debian the most straightforward way to add your application to startup is to create a startup script. This is an example simple startup script that will toggle the red led on during startup, and off during shutdown. In this case I'll name the file customstartup, but you can replace this with your application name as well.

Edit the file /etc/init.d/customstartup to contain this:

 #! /bin/sh
 # /etc/init.d/customstartup
 
 case "$1" in
   start)
     /path/to/your/application
     ## If you are launching a daemon or other long running processes
     ## this should be started with
     # nohup /usr/local/bin/yourdaemon &
     ;;
   stop)
     # if you have anything that needs to run on shutdown
     /path/to/your/shutdown/scripts
     ;;
   *)
     echo "Usage: customstartup start|stop" >&2
     exit 3
     ;;
 esac
 
 exit 0
Note: The $PATH variable is not set up by default in init scripts so this will either need to be done manually or the full path to your application must be included.

To make this run during startup and shutdown:

update-rc.d customstartup defaults

To manually start and stop the script:

/etc/init.d/customstartup start
/etc/init.d/customstartup stop

While this is useful for headless applications, if you are using X11 you should modify "/usr/bin/default-x-session":

#!/bin/sh

export HOME=/root/
export ICEWM_PRIVCFG=/mnt/root/root/.icewm/

icewm-lite &

while ! xprop -root | grep -q _NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK
do
    sleep 0.1
done

exec /usr/bin/fullscreen-webkit http://127.0.0.1

Replace fullscreen-webkit with your own graphical application.

Backup / Restore

If you are using a Windows workstation there is no support for writing directly to block devices. However, as long as one of your booting methods still can boot a kernel and the initrd you can rewrite everything by using a usb drive. This is also a good way to blast many stock boards when moving your product into production. You can find more information about this method with an example script here.

Note: Note that the MBR installed by default on this board contains a 446 byte bootloader program that loads the initial power-on kernel and initrd from the first and second partitions. Replacing it with an MBR found on a PC would not work as a PC MBR contains an x86 code bootup program.

MicroSD Card

WARNING: While tools exist for writing image from Windows or other operating systems, we do not support their use. If they are not careful to make sure the OS has not mounted the FS, or existing drivers have ceased any access to the card, they may end up with corruption that is not immediately apparent upon using the card. This may present as sublte corruption, or a card that does not boot at all. We do not encourage use of any other process other than what is described in this section.
MicroSD.png Click to download the latest 4GB SD card image.

Using onboard web interface

The initramfs contains a #Web interface that can be used to backup/restore the software image. From the main page, you can download a complete backup containing the MBR, Kernel, initramfs, and Debian filesystem by clicking "backup.dd". You can click "Choose File" and browse to a previous backup.dd, or the link above to rewrite the SD card.

Using another Linux workstation

If you do not have an SD card that can boot to the initramfs, you can download the sd card image and rewrite this from a Linux workstation. A USB MicroSD adapter can be used to access the card. First, you must find out which /dev/ device corresponds with your USB reader/writer.

Step 1 Option 1 (lsblk)


Newer distributions include a utility called "lsblk" which allows simple identification of the intended card:

lsblk
 NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
 sda      8:0    0   400G  0 disk 
 ├─sda1   8:1    0   398G  0 part /
 ├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part 
 └─sda5   8:5    0     2G  0 part [SWAP]
 sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
 sdc      8:32   1   3.9G  0 disk 
 ├─sdc1   8:33   1   7.9M  0 part 
 ├─sdc2   8:34   1     2M  0 part 
 ├─sdc3   8:35   1     2M  0 part 
 └─sdc4   8:36   1   2.8G  0 part  

In this case my SD card is 4GB, so sdc is the target device.

Step 1 Option 2 (dmesg)


After plugging in the device, you can use dmesg to list

 scsi 9:0:0:0: Direct-Access     Generic  Storage Device   0.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
 sd 9:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
 sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] 7744512 512-byte logical blocks: (3.96 GB/3.69 GiB)

In this case, sdc is shown as a 3.96GB card.

Step 2


Once you have the target /dev/ device you can use "dd" to backup/restore the card. To restore the board to stock, or rewrite to the latest SD image:

wget https://files.embeddedTS.com/ts-socket-macrocontrollers/ts-4710-linux/binaries/ts-images/4gbsd-471x-latest.dd.bz2
bzip2 -d 4gbsd-471x-latest.dd.bz2

# Specify your block device instead of /dev/sdc
# Note that this does not include a partition, so use /dev/sdc instead of
# using /dev/sdc1
dd if=4gbsd-471x-latest.dd conv=fsync bs=4M of=/dev/sdc

To take a backup of your entire SD card, you can switch the input file and the output file:

dd if=/dev/sdc conv=fsync bs=4M of=backup.dd

eMMC

EMMC.png Click to download the latest 2GB eMMC image.
WARNING: Make sure the SD and eMMC filesystems are mounted read only while writing any images. If dd is used to read or write a disk while a filesystem on it is mounted read/write this can result in a corrupt image.

First boot to the initramfs. These steps should not be run from the full Debian environment, so to get back to the initramfs, first run:

tshwctl --removejp 1 && reboot

Once you are in the initramfs, mount a network share or usb drive containing the emmc image.

Write an Image to eMMC

# Plug in a thumbdrive formatted with ext2/3/4 or fat32/ntfs
mkdir /mnt/usbdev
mount -o ro /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdev
dd if=/mnt/usbdev/emmc-image.dd bs=4M of=/dev/nbd1

Save an image from eMMC

# Plug in a thumbdrive formatted with ext2/3/4 or fat32/ntfs
mkdir /mnt/usbdev
mount -o ro /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdev
# This can take about 15 minutes
dd if=/dev/nbd1 bs=4M of=/mnt/usbdev/emmc-image.dd
umount /mnt/usbdev
sync

Software Development

Most of our examples are going to be in C, but Debian will include support for many more programming languages. Including (but not limited to) C++, PERL, PHP, SH, Java, BASIC, TCL, and Python. Most of the functionality from our software examples can be done from using system calls to run our userspace utilities. For higher performance, you will need to either use C/C++ or find functionally equivalent ways to perform the same actions as our examples. Our userspace applications are all designed to go through a TCP interface. By looking at the source for these applications, you can learn our protocol for communicating with the hardware interfaces in any language.

The most common method of development is directly on the SBC. Since debian has space available on the SD card, we include the build-essentials package which comes with everything you need to do C/C++ development on the board.


Editors

Vim is a very common editor to use in Linux. While it isn't the most intuitive at a first glance, you can run 'vimtutor' to get a ~30 minute instruction on how to use this editor. Once you get past the initial learning curve it can make you very productive. You can find the vim documentation here.

Emacs is another very common editor. Similar to vim, it is difficult to learn but rewarding in productivity. You can find documentation on emacs here.

Nano while not as commonly used for development is the easiest. It doesn't have as many features to assist in code development, but is much simpler to begin using right away. If you've used 'edit' on Windows/DOS, this will be very familiar. You can find nano documentation here.

Compilers

We only recommend the gnu compiler collection. There are many other commercial compilers which can also be used, but will not be supported by us. You can install gcc on most boards in Debian by simply running 'apt-get update && apt-get install build-essential'. This will include everything needed for standard development in c/c++.

You can find the gcc documentation here. You can find a simple hello world tutorial for c++ with gcc here.

Build tools

When developing your application typing out the compiler commands with all of your arguments would take forever. The most common way to handle these build systems is using a make file. This lets you define your project sources, libraries, linking, and desired targets. You can read more about makefiles here.

If you are building an application intended to be more portable than on this one system, you can also look into the automake tools which are intended to help make that easier. You can find an introduction to the autotools here.

Cmake is another alternative which generates a makefile. This is generally simpler than using automake, but is not as mature as the automake tools. You can find a tutorial here.

Debuggers

Linux has a few tools which are very helpful for debugging code. The first of which is gdb (part of the gnu compiler collection). This lets you run your code with breakpoints, get backgraces, step forward or backward, and pick apart memory while your application executes. You can find documentation on gdb here.

Strace will allow you to watch how your application interacts with the running kernel which can be useful for diagnostics. You can find the manual page here.

Ltrace will do the same thing with any generic library. You can find the manual page here.

Accessing Hardware Registers

The standard assumption in Linux is that kernel drivers are required in order to control hardware. However, it is also possible to talk to hardware devices from user space. In doing so, one does not have to be aware of the Linux kernel development process. This is the recommended way of accessing hardware on a TS-SOCKET system. The special /dev/mem device implements a way to access the physical memory from the protected user space, allowing reading and writing to any specific memory register. Applications may be allowed temporary access through memory space windows granted by the mmap() system call applied to the /dev/mem device node.

The following C code is provided as an example of how to set up user space access to the SYSCON registers at base address 0x80004000:

#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <assert.h>
static volatile unsigned short *syscon;
static unsigned short peek16(unsigned int adr) {
	return syscon[adr / 2];
}
static void poke16(unsigned int adr, unsigned short val) {
	syscon[adr / 2] = val;
}

int main(void) {
        int devmem = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC);

	assert(devmem != -1);
	syscon = (unsigned short *) mmap(0, 4096,
	  PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, devmem, 0x80004000);

        poke16(0x6, 0x3); // disable watchdog
        poke16(0x12, peek16(0x12) | 0x1800); // turn on both LEDs

        return 0;
}

Important Notes about the preceding example:

  • The peek16 and poke16 wrapper functions make the code more readable due to how pointer arithmetic/array indexing works in C, since the same offsets from the register map appear in the code.
  • Make sure to open using O_SYNC, otherwise you may get a cachable MMU mapping which, unless you know what you're doing, probably is not what you want when dealing with hardware registers.
  • mmap() must be called only on pagesize (4096 byte) boundaries and size must at least have pagesize granularity.
  • Only the root user can open '/dev/mem'. For testing, this just means the tester needs to be root, which is normal in embedded Linux. For deployment in the field under Debian, this can be an issue because the init process does not have root privileges. To get around this, make sure the binary is owned by root and has the setuid bit set. The command 'chmod +s mydriver' will set the setuid flag.
  • The pointers into memory space should have the same bit width as the registers they are accessing. In the example above, the TS-4710 FPGA registers are 16 bits wide, so an unsigned short pointer is used. With very few exceptions, FPGA registers on TS-SOCKET macrocontrollers will be 16 bits wide and CPU registers will be 32 bits wide. Unsigned int, unsigned short, and unsigned char pointers should be used for 32, 16, and 8 bit registers, respectively.
  • When compiling ARM code that emits 16 bit or 8 bit hardware register accesses, it is important to add the compiler switch -mcpu=arm9. Otherwise the wrong opcodes may be emitted by the compiler and unexpected behavior will occur.
  • Pointers into memory space must be declared as volatile.

Cross Compiling

While you can develop entirely on the board itself, if you prefer to develop from another x86 compatible Linux system we have a cross compiler available. For this board you will want to use this toolchain. To compile your application, you only need to use the version of GCC in the cross toolchain instead of the version supplied with your distribution. The resulting binary will be for ARM.

[user@localhost]$ /opt/arm-2008q3/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc hello.c -o hello
[user@localhost]$ file hello
hello: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.14, not stripped

This is one of the simplest examples. If you want to work with a project, you will typically create a makefile. You can read more about makefiles here. Another common requirement is linking to third party libraries provided by Debian on the board. There is no exact set of steps you can take for every project, but the process will be very much the same. Find the headers, and the libraries. Sometimes you have to also copy over their binaries. In this example, I will link to sqlite from Debian (which will also work in the Ubuntu image).

Install the sqlite library and header on the board:

apt-get update && apt-get install -y libsqlite3-0 libsqlite-dev

This will fetch the binaries from the internet and install them. You can list the installed files with dpkg:

dpkg -L libsqlite3-0 libsqlite3-dev

The interesting files from this output will be the .so files, and the .h files. In this case you will need to copy these files to your project directory.

I have a sample example with libsqlite3 below. This is not intended to provide any functionality, but just call functions provided by sqlite.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sqlite3.h"

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	sqlite3 *db;
	char *zErrMsg = 0;
	int rc;
	printf("opening test.db\n");
	rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
	if(rc){
		fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
		sqlite3_close(db);
		exit(1);
	}
	if(rc!=SQLITE_OK){
		fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
	}
	printf("closing test.db\n");
	sqlite3_close(db);
	return 0;
}

To build this with the external libraries I have the makefile below. This will have to be adjusted for your toolchain path. In this example I placed the headers in external/include and the library in external/lib.

CC=/opt/arm-2008q3/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc
CFLAGS=-c -Wall

all: sqlitetest

sqlitetest: sqlitetest.o
        $(CC) sqlitetest.o external/lib/libsqlite3.so.0 -o sqlitetest
sqlitetest.o: sqlitetest.c
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) sqlitetest.c -Iexternal/include/

clean:  
        rm -rf *o sqlitetest.o sqlitetest

You can then copy this directly to the board and execute it. There are many ways to transfer the compiled binaries to the board. Using a network filesystem such as sshfs or NFS will be the simplest to use if you are frequently updating data, but will require more setup. See your linux distribution's manual for more details. The simplest network method is using ssh/sftp. You can use winscp if from windows, or scp from linux. Make sure you set a password from debian for root or set up a shared key. Otherwise the ssh server will deny connections. From winscp, enter the ip address of the SBC, the root username, and the password you have set or the use of a shared key. This will provide you with an explorer window you can drag files into.

Note: Setting up a password for root is only feasible on the uSD image.

For scp in linux, run:

#replace with your app name and your SBC IP address
scp sqlitetest root@192.168.0.50:/root/

After transferring the file to the board, execute it:

ts:~# ./sqlitetest 
opening test.db
closing test.db

Compile the Kernel

For adding new support to the kernel, or recompiling with more specific options you will need to have an X86 compatible linux host available that can handle the cross compiling. Compiling the kernel on the board is not supported or recommended. Before building the kernel you will need to install a few support libraries on your workstation:

Prerequisites

RHEL/Fedora/CentOS:

yum install ncurses-devel ncurses
yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries"

Ubuntu/Debian:

sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev git
## If you are on a 64-bit system then 32-bit libraries will be required for the toolchain
# sudo apt-get install ia32-libs
# On newer distributions with Multiarch support:
#sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
#sudo apt-get update
#sudo apt-get install libc6-dev:i386 zlib1g-dev:i386

For other distributions, please refer to their documentation to find equivalent tools.

Set up the Sources and Toolchain

# Download the cross compile toolchain (EABI)from Technologic Systems:
wget ftp://ftp.embeddedTS.com/ts-socket-macrocontrollers/ts-4700-linux/cross-toolchains/arm-2008q3.tar.gz

# Extract the toolchain
tar xvf arm-2008q3.tar.gz

# Move arm-2008q3 to a permanent location, eg /opt/toolchains/
mkdir /opt/toolchains/
mv arm-2008q3 /opt/toolchains/

# Download the Kernel sources
git clone https://github.com/embeddedTS/linux-2.6.34-ts471x.git

cd linux-2.6.34-ts471x

# Set the CROSS_COMPILE variable to the absolute path to the toolchain.
export CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/toolchains/arm-2008q3/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
export ARCH=arm

# This sets up the default configuration that we ship with for the TS-471x
make ts471x_defconfig

Once you have the configuration ready you can make your changes to the kernel. Commonly a reason for recompiling is to add support that was not built into the standard image's kernel. You can get a menu to browse available options by running:

make menuconfig

You can use the "/" key to search for specific terms through the kernel.

Build the kernel

Once you have it configured you can begin building the kernel. This usually takes about 5-10 minutes.

make

The new kernel will be at "arch/arm/boot/Image".

Install the Kernel and Modules

Install the target SD card in your workstation, and mount the Debian partition. For example, if your workstation's SD card is /dev/sdb:

# Update this to point to your SD card block device
export DEV=/dev/sdb
sudo mkdir /mnt/sd/
sudo dd if=arch/arm/boot/zImage of="$DEV"1 conv=fsync
sudo mount "$DEV"2 /mnt/sd/
INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/mnt/sd/ sudo -E make modules_install
INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/mnt/sd/ sudo -E make headers_install
sudo umount /mnt/sd/
sync

Build compat-drivers (optional)

Optionally if you use the WIFI-N-USB2 module or another recent USB wireless device you can build "compat-drivers" which provides more recent compatibility on this kernel.

# Assuming you are still in the 2.6.34 kernel directory
cd ../
export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/toolchains/arm-2008q3/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-

# Update this to point to your SD card block device
export DEV=/dev/sdb
export KLIB=/mnt/sd
# Update these paths to point to the linux tree
export KLIB_BUILD=../linux-2.6.34-ts471x/

wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/stable/v3.8.3/compat-drivers-3.8.3-2-snpu.tar.bz2 && \
tar xf compat-drivers-3.8.3-2-snpu.tar.bz2 && \
cd compat-drivers-3.8.3-2-snpu/ && \
make && \
sudo mount "$DEV"2 /mnt/sd/ && \
INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/mnt/sd/ sudo -E make install-modules && \
sudo umount /mnt/sd/ && \
sync

Using the Oracle JRE

Oracle provides a headless JRE binary for the ARMv5 processor series which is compatible with this processor. In many cases the OpenJDK JRE is sufficient for an application, but Oracle's JRE provides better performance. To install this JRE, first accept the license and download this from Oracle here.

Your version number may be slightly different, but the process should remain the same:

tar -xf ejre-7u45-fcs-b15-linux-arm-sflt-headless-26_sep_2013.tar.gz
mv ejre1.7.0_45/ /usr/share/oracle-jre/
ln -s /usr/share/oracle-jre/bin/java /usr/bin/java

You can verify this is installed by checking the version:

root@ts:~# java -version
java version "1.7.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Embedded Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_45-b15, headless)
Java HotSpot(TM) Embedded Client VM (build 24.45-b08, mixed mode)

Features

CPU

The TS-4710 supports the PXA166 from Marvell's Armada 100 series. The common features will be described in other sections, but for more details see the CPU user guide.

Feature PXA166 (88AP166)
Frequency 800MHz
Video Playback Acceleration (gstreamer) Supported up to D1
Maximum Framebuffer Resolution Up to WUXGA

MicroSD Card Interface

This System-on-Module (SoM) uses our SD controller implementation which supports microSD, microSDHC, and microSDXC cards. This controller has been tested with Sandisk Extreme SD cards which allow read speeds up to 20.5MB/s, and write speeds up to 21.5MB/s.

The support for the SD controller is provided by sdctl which serves up a /dev/nbd0 for the entire block device. The kernel also includes a module that will break this up into partitions. Our default software image contains 2 partitions:

Device Contents
/dev/nbd0 SD Card block device
/dev/nbd0p1 Kernel and initramfs
/dev/nbd0p2 Full Linux Root

eMMC

This board includes an onboard 4GB eMMC disk. This disk is accessed very similar to an SD card and is also supported with the sdctl driver. This eMMC supports read and write speeds at approximately 10MB/s. The kernel provides access to the flash at /dev/nbd1 for the entire block device. The kernel also includes a module that will break this up into partitions. Our default software image contains 2 partitions:

Device Contents
/dev/nbd1 eMMC block device
/dev/nbd1p1 Kernel and initramfs
/dev/nbd1p2 Full Linux Root


Pre 11/2/2014 release TS-4720 eMMC by default uses Single card doublestore. To access the Linux partition of the SD card while booted to eMMC, you can use the mount command as expected:

mkdir /mnt/sd
mount /dev/nbd1p2 /mnt/sd

Post 11/2/2014 release TS-4720 eMMC uses Enhanced SLC mode eMMC, allowing for even greater reliability and longer lifespan. To access the Linux partition of the SD Card while using this eMMC, read the device partition table, and then mount as normal:

busybox blockdev --rereadpt /dev/nbd1
mkdir /mnt/sd
mount /dev/nbd1p2 /mnt/sd

A useful script for this device read activity has been included in the ts.subr definitions file for use within custom startup scripts:

# excpecting "source ts.subr" is already done
scan_lun <lun number>
mkdir /dev/sd
mount /dev/nbd1p2 /mnt/sd

DoubleStore

This series supports DoubleStore which can be used to significantly increase the reliability of SD cards. This allows one SD image to be written to two cards allowing redundancy among both SD cards. See our white paper for more information on the concept. Development can take place with a single MicroSD card, but for using DoubleStore 2 MicroSD cards are used.

The default SD image is 3GB which is designed to fit in a dual-card Doublestore configuration. When dual card doublestore is used it stores the same image on both cards and also includes metadata and checksums for the entire image.

You can use the dblstorctl utility to work with DoubleStore on your Linux workstation. The simplest way to get doublestore set up is to first take a backup of your SD image, and then use dblstorctl on a workstation to convert it:

export INPUTIMAGE="yourimagebackup.dd"
eval $(stat -c "imgsize=%s" $INPUTIMAGE)
dblstorctl --primary ${INPUTIMAGE}.dblstor --fallback ${INPUTIMAGE}.dblstor.fallback --init --writeimg "$INPUTIMAGE" --size=${imgsize}B

This will output yourimagebackup.dd.dblstor which can be written directly to both SD cards:

dd if=yourimagebackup.dd.dblstor bs=4M conv=fsync of=/dev/sdb # replace sdb with your SD card device

The board will boot the same using the DoubleStore MicroSD cards, but sdctl includes additional information:

# sdctl --stats
nbdpid=338
nbd_readreqs=1508
nbd_read_blks=95490
nbd_writereqs=0
nbd_write_blks=0
nbd_seek_past_eof_errs=0
sdcard_resets=4
read_seeks=1261
write_seeks=0
size=0x641800
humanized_size=3.35GB
fb_offset=-6559744
primary_tainted=0
primary_failed=0
fallback_tainted=0
fallback_failed=0
resilver_pct_done=0
lifetime_write_blks=59038888
humanized_lifetime_write_blks=30.22GB
errors=0
unrecoverable_errors=0
conflicts=0
fallback_configuration="separate disk"

fallback_configuration should read "seperate disk" when booting doublestore correctly. For diagnostics, the tainted and failed settings are the most relevant:

primary_tainted=0
primary_failed=0
fallback_tainted=0
fallback_failed=0

When a card is tainted, the LED near the card will begin to blink. This indicates Doublestore has seen the card perform an unexpected behavior that DoubleStore was able to correct.

Interrupts

We include a userspace IRQ patch in our kernels. This allows you to receive interrupts from your applications where you would normally have to write a kernel driver. This works by creating a file for each interrupt in '/proc/irq/<irqnum>/irq'. The new irq file allows you to block on a read on the file until an interrupt fires.

The original patch is documented here.

The Linux kernel supports up to 16 IRQs from the FPGA. When the CPU receives an IRQ from the FPGA, it uses the IRQ register in the #Syscon to find out which IRQ on the MUX is triggering. Currently only three IRQs are used. Off-board IRQs 5, 6, and 7 correspond to FPGA IRQs 0, 1, and 2, respectively. FPGA IRQs 3 to 15 are reserved for future uses. If the DIO pins are not being used as IRQs, they can be masked out by writing 0 to the corresponding bit in the IRQ mask register.

IRQ # Name Socket Location
49 Combined GPIO Interrupt Any MFP pin
64 XUART IRQ N/A
65 CAN1 IRQ N/A
66 CAN 2 IRQ N/A
67 IRQ5/DIO_00[1] CN1-93
68 IRQ6/DIO_01[1] CN1-91
69 IRQ7/DIO_02[1] CN1-89
70 EVGPIO N/A
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 The PC/104 IRQs need to have the MUXBUS bus enabled in order to function as IRQs

This example below will work with any of our products that support userspace IRQs. It opens the IRQ number specified in the first argument, and prints when it detects an IRQ.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	char proc_irq[32];
	int ret, irqfd = 0;
	int buf; // Holds irq junk data
	fd_set fds;

	if(argc < 2) {
		printf("Usage: %s <irq number>\n", argv[0]);
		return 1;
	}

	snprintf(proc_irq, sizeof(proc_irq), "/proc/irq/%d/irq", atoi(argv[1]));
	irqfd = open(proc_irq, O_RDONLY| O_NONBLOCK, S_IREAD);

	if(irqfd == -1) {
		printf("Could not open IRQ %s\n", argv[1]);
		return 1;
	}
	
	while(1) {
		FD_SET(irqfd, &fds); //add the fd to the set
		// See if the IRQ has any data available to read
		ret = select(irqfd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
		
		if(FD_ISSET(irqfd, &fds))
		{
			FD_CLR(irqfd, &fds);  //Remove the filedes from set
			printf("IRQ detected\n");
			
			// Clear the junk data in the IRQ file
			read(irqfd, &buf, sizeof(buf));
		}
		
		//Sleep, or do any other processing here
		usleep(10000);
	}
	
	return 0;
}

Any of the MFP pins can be repurposed to trigger IRQ 49. For example, to make MFP_46 (CN2_72) trigger on a rising edge:

# Enable rising edge detection on MFP_46
peekpoke 32 0xD4019034 0x4000

# Unmask MFP_46
peekpoke 32 0xD40190A0 0x4000

# to clear the interrupt after it has been triggered
peekpoke 32 0xD401904c 0x4000

See page 169 of the CPU manual for more information on the interrupt controller.

RTC

The RTC is accessed using tshwctl. This is automatically retrieved on startup, but must be set manually.

# Save the running system clock to the RTC
tshwctl --setrtc

# Set the system clock from the RTC
tshwctl --getrtc

NVRAM

The RTC has an included 128-byte battery-backed NVRAM which can be accessed using tshwctl. Its contents will remain with the main power off, so long as the RTC battery is installed and withing a valid voltage range.

tshwctl --nvram

This will return a format such as:

 nvram0=0xf7f8a73e
 nvram1=0x2fef5ae0
 nvram2=0x48ca4278
 ...
 nvram31=0x70544510

This breaks up the NVRAM into 32 32-bit registers which can be accessed in bash. As this uses the name=value output, "eval" can be used for simple parsing:

eval `tshwctl --nvram`
echo $nvram2

From the above value, this would return 0x48ca4278. To set values, the respective environment variable name can be set:

nvram0=0x42 tshwctl --nvram

Note that the command 'tshwctl --nvram' will output the current contents of NVRAM before setting any new values. At this point, running 'tshwctl --nvram' once more will print the updated contents for verification. This can be used for reading a 32-bit quantity and updating it with a single command.

Temperature Sensor

This System-on-Module includes temperature sensors located on the CPU and RTC. Both of these can be read using tshwctl:

tshwctl --rtctemp
tshwctl --cputemp

Both of these will return the temperature in millicelsius.

LEDs

On all of our baseboards we include 2 indicator LEDs which are under software control. You can manipulate these using tshwctl --greenledon --redledon or tshwctl --greenledoff --redledoff. The LEDs have 4 behaviors from default software. The LEDs are also controllable via the Syscon register at offset 0x12.

Green Behavior Red behavior Meaning
Solid On Off System is booted and running
Solid On On for approximately 15s, then off Once the system has booted the kernel and executed the startup script, it will check for a USB device and then determine if it is a mass storage device. This is used for updates/blasting through USB. Once it determines this is not a mass storage device the red LED will turn back off.
On for 10s, off for 100ms, and repeating Turns on after Green turns off for 300ms, and then turns off for 10s The watchdog is continuously resetting the board. This happens when the system cannot find a valid boot device, or the watchdog is otherwise not being fed. This is normally fed by tshwctl once a valid boot media has started. See the #Watchdog section for more details.
Off Off The FPGA is not able to start. Typically either the board is not being supplied with enough voltage, or the FPGA has been otherwise damaged. If a stable 5 V is being provided and the supply is capable of providing at least 1 A to the System-on-Module (SoM), an RMA is suggested.
Blinking about 5ms on, about 10ms off. Blinking about 5ms on, about 10ms off. The board is receiving too little power, or something is drawing too much current from the SoM's power rails.

Web Interface

This System-on-Module includes a web interface that can be used to simplify common tasks when working with our embedded systems. Note that this is only available in the initramfs, and not the full Debian boot.

Uploading files


On the main page you can select a file and upload. These have various functions depending on the file extensions:

Filename/Extension Description
*.vme.bz2 Upload FPGA to be soft reloaded automatically on startup. This will be copied to /ts/ path in the Linux root filesystem.
ko.tar.bz2 While most kernel modules will be loaded automatically when needed, if you include a ko.tar.bz2 this will insmod each file in the archive automatically on startup. This will be copied to the /ts/ path in the linux root filesystem.
init If this file exists and the JP1 is not set, the board will boot to the initramfs and execute this script. This can be used to have an application automatically run on startup without proceeding with the Linux root filesystem's traditionally lengthy startup. This can have an application running within seconds after power-on. The $PATH variable is set up to be able to resolve most applications in the Linux root filesystem, and the libraries of the full distribution are available. As this does not run through the normal startup, any running services or network configuration will need to be started manually.
Image, zImage, kernel*.dd This will automatically replace the first partition containing the Kernel.
root*.dd This will completely replace the second partition with the uploaded dd file.
mbr.dd|mbr*.dd Replace the MBR on the current boot image.
*.dd Any file not caught by one of the previous *.dd filenames will entirely replace the SD image.
*.sh Any file named *.sh will automatically be copied to /tmp, set as executable and run.
root*.tar This will remove all data from the Linux root filesystem and replace it with the contents of the uploaded root*.tar file.
src*.tar This will extract the contents to the /ts/ directory in the Linux root filesystem and if present, execute the Makefile. This could be used to build a project, and automatically install it.
*.c *.cpp Any uploaded C/C++ file will automatically be compiled and executed. The applications stdout will be printed out to the web page.
* Any other files not captured by a previous pattern will be copied to the /ts/ path in the Linux root filesystem.

Any uploaded file can be compressed with bzip2 or gzip before uploading. The file will be decompressed and then processed as normal as described in the above table.

Downloading Files


On the main page there is a download link for 4 files. Any downloaded file will be renamed to contain the date in the format date -Iminutes.

Filename Description
backup.dd This is a backup containing the MBR, Kernel/initramfs, and Linux root filesystem.
root.dd This is a backup of a complete dd of the Linux root filesystem.
root.tar The root.tar contains a complete tar of the contents in the root filesystem.
kernel.dd This file contains a copy of the kernel and initramfs.

Duplicating an SD card


This page can be used to either duplicate an SD card, or convert a software image to a single or dual DoubleStore card configuration. When this page is loaded it copies the kernel/initramfs to ram. You will need to have the root.tar downloaded before continuing.

Once you have loaded this page and you have a copy of the root.tar, you can either remove the current SD card, or leave it in if you intend to convert it to DoubleStore. On step 2, you can select "Standard" to write a new SD card without DoubleStore, or you can create a single or dual card configuration. Click "Format card" after selecting either option.

After being formatted you can upload the root*.tar file to reformat the rest of the card. Once this is completed, you can reboot to test out the card, or restart the procedure to create another card.

Find other TS-41XX devices


By default this board broadcasts itself using multicast DNS which can be used to detect all other similar boards on the network. This will print out the last 6 of the MAC address which can be used to uniquely identify each board.

Ethernet Port

The Marvell Processor implements a 10/100 ethernet controller with support built into the Linux kernel. The TS-4712 and TS-4720 include an integrated Marvell Ethernet switch that allows multiple interfaces from one 10/100 port. This allows a total bandwidth of 100MB/s between both ports.

EthSwitch.png

The default configuration will have the ports act as 2 individual ports on baseboards where this is supported. When in this mode all network traffic should be directed to eth0.1 and eth0.2, but not eth0 which will not be forwarded outside of the switch. When using the network with the VLAN mode you should not attempt to configure eth0, but instead only use eth0.1 or eth0.2. On baseboards where the second port supports the VLAN ethernet, you can modify /ts/config

CFG_2ETH="2"

On the next boot the eth0.1 and eth0.2 ports will not be present. In this case the switch is configured to transparently pass through packets rather than configuring the VLANs, so eth0 should be used.

Note: Some baseboards create 2 Ethernet ports using a USB Ethernet controller which will not be integrated with this switch. This includes the TS-8100, TS-8390, and TS-8900. In this case the Ethernet switch is configured to pass through packets which will only use eth0.

You can use standard Linux utilities such as ifconfig/ip to control eth0 and the vlan interfaces. See the #Configuring the Network section for more details. For the specifics of this interface see the CPU manual.

The switch ports can also use tshwctl to detect link and the negotiated link speed:

 root@ts4712-f7c0ff:~# tshwctl --ethinfo
 baseboard_model=0xa
 baseboard=8900
 baseboard_rev=A
 switch_model=88E6020
 switch_ports=a b 
 switchporta_link=0
 switchporta_speed=10HD
 switchportb_link=1
 switchportb_speed=100FD

By default the VLAN configuration mode is only enabled when a recognized baseboard is connected. To use this on a custom baseboard you would need to modify /ts/config and use the option:

CFG_2ETH="1"




NOTE:

Even using VLAN configuration, both ports have the same MAC address. In most intended conditions this is OK because the network on either port is never expected to encounter the network on the other. However, there are some very rare network conditions where this situation is possible. For this condition, Technologic Systems has reserved a second MAC address for each TS-SOCKET device, this address is always the current MAC incremented by 1. Consult your network system administrator or email support@embeddedTS.com if you require assistance with this setting.

DIO

Baseboard ID

All of our off the shelf baseboards contain a hard wired 3-state 8-input multiplexers. This is not required to implement in custom baseboards, but it can be useful to identify the board in software. During startup of the System-on-Module, 4 DIO are used to obtain the baseboard model ID. The red LED (CN2_06) is state 0, green LED (CN2_08) is state 1, BUS_DIR (CN1_98) is state 2, and BD_ID_DATA (CN1_83) is used for data.

The first 6 lines are used as the six bits that define the baseboard. The last two lines (Y6 & Y7 in the schematic image below) define the bits to indicate the board revision.

You can find example code for accessing the baseboard ID in tshwctl. For example, "tshwctl -B" will return "baseboard_model=" with the detected baseboard.

For custom baseboards we have reserved the address 42 which will never be used by our standard products.

TS-8160 baseboard ID resulting in ID 6.


TS-Baseboard IDs
ID Baseboard
0 TS-8200
1 Reserved, do not use
2 TS-TPC-8390
4 TS-8500
5 TS-8400
6 TS-8160
7 TS-8100
8 TS-8820-BOX
9 TS-8150
10 TS-TPC-8900
11 TS-8290
13 TS-8700
14 TS-8280
15 TS-8380
16 TS-AN20
17 TS-TPC-8920
19 TS-8550
20 TS-TPC-8950
22 TS-8551
42 Reserved for customer use, never used by us
63 TS-8200

USB

USB OTG

This board features USB OTG which allows you to use the USB port as either a host, or a device. Much of the USB OTG framework is described here. You will need to recompile your kernel to include these modules.

The OTG driver from Marvell has a caveat attached to it, whenever the OTG port is to be used as a host the following command needs to be issued after the device is plugged in:

echo 1 > /proc/driver/otg

Device mode of OTG will function without having to write to the above proc file.


Note: When paired with the TS-8160 the OTG port is exposed as the lower USB host A port. Because of this the above command needs to be run whenever a USB device is attached to the port in order to tell the OTG driver to enter host mode and communicate with the USB device.

USB Host

The USB host port is a standard USB 2.0 at 480Mbps. The Linux kernel provides most of the USB support, and some devices may require a kernel recompile. Common devices such as keyboards, mice, wifi, and ethernet should mostly work out of the box.

The libusb project can also be used to communicate directly with USB peripherals from userspace.

TWI

These pins provide a standard two-wire interface. This bus also connects to an RTC on the System-on-Module. MFP105 and MFP106 can be used as a second TWI bus directly from the CPU. For more information, see the CPU manual here.

SPI

The SPI controller is implemented in the FPGA. This core is found at 0x80004800, and should only be accessed using 16-bit reads/writes.

The table below is the register map for the SPI in the FPGA:

Offset Access Bit(s) Description
0x0 Read Only 15 SPI MISO state
Read/Write 14 SPI CLK state
Read/Write 13:10 Speed - 0 (highest), 1 (1/2 speed), 2 (1/4 speed)...
Read/Write 9:8 LUN (0-3 representing the 4 chip selects)
Read/Write 7 CS (1 - CS# is asserted)
N/A 6:1 Reserved
Read/Write 0 Speed
0x2 Read Only 15:0 Previous SPI read data from last write
0x4 N/A 15:0 Reserved
0x6 N/A 15:0 Reserved
0x8 Read/Write 15:0 SPI read/write with CS# to stay asserted
0xa Read Only 15:0 SPI pipelined read with CS# to stay asserted
0xc Read/Write 15:0 SPI Read/Write with CS# to deassert post-op
0xe N/A 15:0 Reserved

The SPI clk state register should be set when CS# is deasserted. Value 0 makes SPI rising edge (CPOL=0), 1 is falling edge (CPOL=1). This only applies to speed >= 1.

Where the base clock is 75Mhz (extended temp alters this to 50Mhz), speed settings break down as follows:

Value Speed
0 75Mhz
1 37.5MHz
2 18.75MHz
3 12.5MHz
4 9.375MHz
5 7.5MHz
6 6.25MHz
7 5.36MHz
8 4.68MHz
9 4.17MHz
15 2.5MHz
19 1.97MHz
31 1.21MHz

The pipelined read register is for read bursts and will automatically start a subsequent SPI read upon completion of the requested SPI read. Reading from this register infers that another read will shortly follow and allows this SPI controller "a head start" on the next read for optimum read performance. This register should be accessed as long as there will be at least one more SPI read with CS# asserted to take place.

FPGA

All macrocontrollers feature an FPGA. Any external interfaces called for by the TS-SOCKET specification that are not provided by the CPU are implemented in the FPGA whenever possible. The FPGA is connected to the CPU by a static memory controller, and as a result the FPGA can provide registers in the CPU memory space.

While most common functionality is accessed through layers of software that are already written, some features may require talking directly to the FPGA. Access to the FPGA is done through either the 8-bit or 16-bit memory regions. Code should access 16-bit or 8-bit depending on the access designed for the specific hardware core. For example, the CAN core is 8 bit, the 8 bit MUXBUS space is 8 bit, and some 8 bit cycles are needed for the SPI core if you want to do 8 bit SPI transactions. To access hardware cores in the FPGA, add the offset in the table below to the base address.

Bit Width Base Address
16 0x80000000
8 0x81000000
Offset Usage Bit Width
0x0000 16KB blockram access (for XUART buffer) 16
0x4000 Syscon registers 16
0x4400 ADC registers (for off-board ADC) 16
0x4800 SPI interface 16
0x4C00 CAN controller 8
0x4D00 2nd CAN controller 8
0x5000 Touchscreen registers 16
0x5400 XUART IO registers 16
0x8000 32KB MUXBUS space 16/8

FPGA Bitstreams

The FPGA has the capability to be reloaded on startup and reprogram itself with different configurations. The default bitstream is hardcoded into the FPGA, but the soft reloaded bitstreams can be placed in /ts/ts<model>-fpga.vme.gz on the Debian root to make the board load the bitstream on startup. If we do not have a configuration you need, you can build a new bitstream, or contact us for our engineering services.

Bitstream XUARTs CAN Touchscreen SPI ADC
Default (8K LUT) 0-6 On On On Off
ts4710-fpga-rev4-default-ADC.vme.bz2 0-6 On On On On

FPGA Programming

Note: We do not provide support for the opencores under our free support, however we do offer custom FPGA programming services. If interested please contact us.

We provide an open version of the Verilog project that contains the functionality of the default FPGA bitstream. The FPGA bitstream is built using Lattice Diamond which is free and runs under Windows or Linux (Redhat). This allows you to modify the verilog and create a jedec file with your custom logic. The jedec is converted to a vme file which is loaded from the SD card and used to reprogram the SRAM of the FPGA on every startup. This requires approximately a second during startup to reprogram, but allows you to recover by removing the bitstream file from the SD card in the case of a faulty bitstream.

The opencore FPGA sources are available here. These sources are supported on the TS-4710, TS-4712, and TS-4720. Custom logic can be built by implementing a wishbone compatible core, or by extending the cores we already have connected.

The ts4710_top.v file is used to connect all of the wishbone cores, and map any DIO. The syscon.v is used for most common system configuration registers. As a simple example these next steps will modify the custom load register located at 0x2a in the syscon.v.

Open up the Lattice diamond tools and open the .ldf file to open the project. On the bottom left there are 3 tabs to control the left panel (Files, Process, and Hierarchy). Go to Files, and double click syscon.v. Around line 40 is:

localparam [3:0] revision = 4'h2;
localparam [15:0] custom = 16'h0000;

You can edit the custom value to:

localparam [15:0] custom = 16'h0001;

The custom register is not used by any default software and is a safe register to use for a custom version number. The default bitstream will always use 0.

Save the file and go to the "Process" tab. Double click "Place & Route Trace" to begin synthesizing the bitstream. This will take approximately 5-10 minutes. Once this is finished open the "Reports" tab from the top open file list. Under "Analysis Reports" click on "Place & Route Trace". This is used to verify timing of your build. Under "Preference Summary" make sure none of the clock domains list errors. If timing is not met this will cause seemingly random issues with the bitstream which will usually present first as SD corruption.

Once the timing has been verified, double click "JECEC File" on the "Process" tab to build the jed file. Once this is finished there will be a "ts4710_default.jed" in the project folder. In order for the board to use this it must be converted to a vme file. This is generated using "jed2vme":

jed2vme ts4710_default.jed | bzip2 > ts4710-fpga.vme.bz2
WARNING: Generating a VME using other Lattice's tools can generate a flash bitstream which will render your board unbootable.

Once this is built it should be placed on the second partition of the SD card as "/ts/ts<model>-fpga.vme.bz2" This should match the device's model such as "/ts/ts4710-fpga.vme.bz2".

Once it is loaded on the SD card the board can be booted normally. The green and red LEDs will shut off during programming, and then turn back on after the bitstream has been reloaded. Commands should not be run during reload since issuing a bus cycle during programming can interfere with timing and cause the reload to fail. Once it has reloaded you can use devmem to verify the register has changed:

devmem 0x8000802a 16

On the default bitstream this should return "0x0000", or "0x0001" if modified as suggested above.

Syscon

The registers listed below are all 16 bit registers and must be accessed with 16 bit reads and writes. This register block appears at base address 0x80004000. For example, to identify the model:

devmem 0x80004000 16

This will return 0x4710, 0x4712, 0x4720, or 0x4740 depending on the model.

Many of the syscon options can be manipulated using tshwctl.

 Usage: tshwctl [OPTION] ...
 Technologic Systems TS-471x / TS-77XX FPGA manipulation.
 
 General options:
   -g, --getmac            Display ethernet MAC address
   -s, --setmac=MAC        Set ethernet MAC address
   -R, --reboot            Reboot the board
   -t, --getrtc            Get system time from RTC time/date
   -S, --setrtc            Set RTC time/date from system time
   -F, --rtcinfo           Print RTC temperature, poweron/off time, etc
   -v, --nvram             Get/Set RTC NVRAM
   -i, --info              Display board FPGA info
   -e, --greenledon        Turn green LED on
   -b, --greenledoff       Turn green LED off
   -c, --redledon          Turn red LED on
   -d, --redledoff         Turn red LED off
   -D, --setdio=<pin>      Sets DDR and asserts a specified pin
   -O, --clrdio=<pin>      Sets DDR and deasserts a specified pin
   -G, --getdio=<pin>      Sets DDR and gets DIO pin input value
   -x, --random            Get 16-bit hardware random number
   -W, --watchdog          Daemonize and set up /dev/watchdog
   -n, --setrng            Seed the kernel random number generator
   -X, --resetswitchon     Enable reset switch
   -Y, --resetswitchoff    Disable reset switch
   -l, --loadfpga=FILE     Load FPGA bitstream from FILE
   -q, --cputemp           Display the CPU die temperature
   -U, --removejp=JP       Remove soft jumper numbered JP (1-8)
   -J, --setjp=JP          Set soft jumper numbered JP (1-8)
   -k, --txenon=XUART(s)   Enables the TX Enable for an XUART
   -K, --txenoff=XUART(s)  Disables a specified TX Enable
   -N, --canon=PORT(s)     Enables a CAN port
   -f, --canoff=PORT(s)    Disables a CAN port
   -h, --help              This help
   -j, --bbclkon           Enables a 12.5MHz clock on DIO 3
   -H, --bbclkoff          Disables the 12.5MHz clock
   -E, --bbclk2on          Enables a 25MHz clock on DIO 34
   -I, --bbclk2off         Disables the 25MHz clock
   -r, --touchon           Turns the touchscreen controller on
   -T, --touchoff          Turns the touchscreen controller off
   -B, --baseboard         Display baseboard ID
   -a, --adc               Display MCP3428 ADC readings in millivolts
   -P, --ethvlan           Configures a network switch to split each port individually in a vlan
   -y, --ethswitch         Configures a network switch to switch all of the outside ports to one interface
   -e, --ethwlan           Configures the first network port (A) to its own VLAN, and all other ports to a shared switch
   -C, --ethinfo           Retrieves info on the onboard switch
Offset Bits Usage
0x00 15:0 Returns board model, eg 0x4710 = TS-4710
0x02 15 Reset switch enable (Use DIO 9 input)
14 Enable touchscreen (override DIO 30-35)
13 Enable UART4 TXEN (override DIO 14)
12 Enable UART0 TXEN (override DIO 12)
11 Enable 12.5MHz base board clock (override DIO 3)
10 Enable SPI (override DIO 17-20)
9 Enable 2nd CAN (override DIO 10,11)
8 Enable CAN (override DIO 15,16)
7:6 Scratch Register
5 Mode2
4 Mode1
3:0 FPGA revision
0x04 15:0 Muxbus configuration register
0x06 15:0 Watchdog feed register
0x08 15:0 Free running 1MHz counter LSB
0x0a 15:0 Free running 1MHz counter MSB
0x0c 15:0 Hardware RNG LSB
0x0e 15:0 Hardware RNG MSB
0x10 15 Baseboard 25MHz Clock (override DIO 34)
14:0 DIO 14:0 output data
0x12 15:14 Reserved
13 Enable alternate touch controller pins
12 Red LED (1 = on)
11 Green LED (1 = on)
10:6 DIO 26:22 output data
5:0 DIO 20:15 output data
0x14 15:0 DIO 42:27 output data
0x16 15 Enable UART2 TXEN (override DIO 10)
14 Enable UART1 TXEN (override DIO 8)
13 Enable UART5 TXEN (override DIO 7)
12 Enable UART3 TXEN (override DIO 13)
11:0 DIO 59:48 output data
0x18 15 Reserved
14:0 DIO 14:0 data direction
0x1a 15:11 Reserved
10:6 DIO 26:22 data direction
5:0 DIO 20:15 data direction
0x1c 15:0 DIO 42:27 data direction
0x1e 15:12 Reserved
11:0 DIO 59:48 data direction
0x20 15 Reserved
14:0 DIO 14:0 input data
0x22 15:11 Reserved
10:6 DIO 26:22 input data
5:0 DIO 20:15 input data
0x24 15:0 DIO 42:27 input data
0x26 15:12 Reserved
11:0 DIO 59:48 input data
0x28 15:4 Reserved
3:0 FPGA TAG memory access [1]
0x2a 15:0 Custom load ID register [2]
0x2c 15:6 Reserved
5 Offboard IRQ 7
4 Offboard IRQ 6
3 Offboard IRQ 5
2 CAN2 IRQ
1 CAN IRQ
0 XUART IRQ
0x2e 15:6 Reserved
5 Offboard IRQ 7 mask (1 disabled, 0 on) [3]
4 Offboard IRQ 6 mask (1 disabled, 0 on) [3]
3 Offboard IRQ 5 mask (1 disabled, 0 on)[3]
2 CAN2 IRQ mask (1 disabled, 0 on)[3]
1 CAN IRQ mask (1 disabled, 0 on)[3]
0 XUART IRQ mask (1 disabled, 0 on)[3]
0x34 0 Enable 14.3MHz baseboard clock on DIO 3
1 USB 5V disable [4]
2 LCD 3.3V disable [5]
  1. TAG memory stores persistent data on the FPGA such a the MAC address, CPU settings, and the born on date. Software using this data should instead use tshwctl rather than accessing this register manually.
  2. Reads back 0 on default load. Used to identify customized bitstreams
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 The IRQ masks are handled automatically by the kernel after an IRQ is requested. Under most circumstances these registers should not be manipulated.
  4. This toggles a DIO on CN1_04 and requires offboard circuitry on the baseboard to toggle USB power.
  5. This toggles a DIO on CN1_48 and requires offboard circuitry on the baseboard to toggle LCD power.

ADC Core

The FPGA includes a core for communicating with the MCP3428 ADC controller we use on several of our baseboards. If you are using this on your own baseboard this core assumes the standard circuit which allows 2 differential channels and 4 single-ended channels. The single-ended channels are chosen using analog muxes controlled by the AN_SEL line. Since different baseboards use a different pin for AN_SEL, a register is also provided to select the correct lines. Channels 1 and 2 are differential channels with a range of -2.048V to +2.048V. Channels 3-6 are 0 to 10.24V.

This example prints out all 6 ADC readings in millivolts:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define peek16(adr) PEEK16((unsigned long)&syscon[(adr)/2])
#define poke16(adr, val) POKE16((unsigned long)&syscon[(adr)/2],(val))

static volatile unsigned short *syscon;

static inline unsigned short PEEK16(unsigned long addr) {
        unsigned short ret;

        asm volatile (
                "ldrh %0, [ %1 ]\n"
                : "=r" (ret)
                : "r" (addr)
                : "memory"
        );
        return ret;
}

static inline void POKE16(unsigned long addr, unsigned short dat) {
        asm volatile (
                "strh %1, [ %0 ]\n"
                :
                : "r" (addr), "r" (dat)
                : "memory"
        );
}

int main()
{
	int x, i, devmem;

	// Map the Syscon core
	devmem = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC);
        assert(devmem != -1);
        syscon = (unsigned short *) mmap(0, 4096, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, devmem, 0x80004000);

	//// Select AN_SEL line:
	//// If you have a TS-TPC-8390 baseboard:
	poke16(0x400, 0x28);
	//// TS-8160/TS-8100
	//poke16(0x400, 0x18);
	//// if unknown baseboard, uses no an_sel
        //// but assumes ADC is there
	//poke16(0x400, 0x08);

	// enable all 6 channels
	poke16(0x402, 0x3f);
	// allow time for conversions
	usleep(500000);

	for (i = 1; i <= 6; i++) {
		x = (signed short)peek16(0x402 + 2*i);
                if (i > 2) x = (x * 1006)/200;
                x = (x * 2048)/0x8000;
                printf("adc%d=%d\n", i, x);
	}

	return 0;
}


Running this code on a TS-TPC-8390 with pin 7 of the ADC header (channel 3) connected to 3.3V returns:

 root@ts4700:~# ./adctest 
 adc1=0
 adc2=0
 adc3=3302
 adc4=0
 adc5=0
 adc6=0
ADC Core Register Map
Offset Bits Description
0x0 15:8 Core ID register (reads 0xad)
7:6 Reserved
5:4
Analog Select Pin
Value Description
0 Do not use an AN+SEL
1 use CN1 pin 77 for AN_SEL (TS-8100)
2 use CN1 pin 74 for AN_SEL (TS-8390)
3 Reserved
3:2
Speed
Value Description
0 240Hz, 12 bit resolution
1 60Hz, 14 bit resolution
2 15Hz, 16 bit resolution
3 Reserved
1:0
Programmable Gain Amplifier
Value Description
0 No gain
1 2x gain
2 4x gain
3 8x gain
0x2 15:0 Channel Mask
0x4 15:0 Channel 1 most recent conversion value
0x6 15:0 Channel 2 most recent conversion value
0x8 15:0 Channel 3 most recent conversion value
0xa 15:0 Channel 4 most recent conversion value
0xc 15:0 Channel 5 most recent conversion value
0xe 15:0 Channel 6 most recent conversion value

The channel mask register controls which channels are enabled. Bits 0-5 enable channels 1-6 respectively. If a given channel is not enabled, (enable bit == 0) it will not be sampled and its conversion value register will contain an obsolete and meaningless value. The more channels that are enabled, the lower the sampling speed on each channel.

Watchdog

By default there is a /dev/watchdog with the tshwctl daemon running at the highest possible priority to feed the watchdog. This is a pipe that is created in userspace, so for many applications this may provide enough functionality for the watchdog by verifying that userspace is still executing applications. If you would like to have the watchdog functionality more tightly integrated with your application you can specify various feed options.

At the lower level there are 3 valid watchdog feed values that are written to the watchdog register in the #Syscon:

Value Result
0 feed watchdog for another .338s
1 feed watchdog for another 2.706s
2 feed watchdog for another 10.824s
3 disable watchdog

The watchdog is armed by default for 10s for the operating system to take over, after which the startup scripts autofeed the watchdog with:

echo a2 > /dev/watchdog

The /dev/watchdog fifo accepts 3 types of commands:

Value Function
f<3 digits> One time feed for a specified amount of time which uses the 3 digit number / 10. For example, "f456" would feed for 45.6 seconds.
"0", "1", "2", "3" One time feed with the value in the above table.
a<num 0-3> This value autofeeds with the value in the above table.

Most applications should use the f<3 digits> option to more tightly integrate this to their application. For example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

void do_some_work(int data) {
	/* The contract for sleep(int n) is that it will sleep for at least n
	 * seconds, but not less.  If other kernel threads or processes require
	 * more time sleep can take longer, but when your process has a high
	 * priority this is usually measured in millseconds */
	sleep(5);
}

int read_some_io() {
	/* If this function (or do_some_work) misbehave and stall thee watchdog 
         * will not be fed in the main loop and cause a reboot.  You can test 
         * this by uncommenting the next line to force an infinite loop */
	// while (1) {}
	return 42;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int wdfd;
	/* In languages other than C/C++ this is still essentially the same, but
	 * make sure you are opening the watchdog file synchronously so the writes
	 * happen immediately.  Many languages will buffer writes together to make 
	 * them more efficient, but the watchdog needs the writes to be timed 
	 * precisely */
	wdfd = open("/dev/watchdog", O_SYNC|O_RDWR);

	while (1) {
		int data;
		/* This loop is expected to take about 5-6 seconds, but to allow some
		 * headroom for other applications, I will feed the watchdog for 10s. */
		write(wdfd, "f100", 4);

		data = read_some_io();
		do_some_work(data);
	}
}

MUXBUS

The MUXBUS is the bus between the FPGA on the SoM to communicate with the off-board CPLD. The CPLD controls PC/104 access as well as some DIO. The MUXBUS config register in the Syscon allows enabling and configuring the speed for this bus. The MUXBUS timing also influences the communication with PC/104 peripherals.

For more advanced details on the MUXBUS, refer to the implementation details here.

Most applications can use one of two timing values:

## Fast value (default on TS-8150)
devmem 0x80004004 16 0x181

## Slow value (for older PC104 devices)
# devmem 0x80004004 16 0xf0ff

See the FPGA register layout for where the MUXBUS address space is accessible.

PC/104

The TS-8150 supports 21 bits of PC/104 addressing with the standard 8-bit data as well as our 16-bit data implementation inside the single 104 pin header. Most of the Technologic Systems' simple I/O based PC/104 devices, in either 8 or 16 bit modes, are supported on this platform. Third party 16-bit devices will not be properly supported. But many simple 8-bit PC/104 devices will work without issue.

The PC/104 address space overlays on top of the whole MUXBUS address space. Because of this, addresses 0x00-0xFF are reserved for accessing the PLD. See the table below:

MUXBUS Address Range Function
0x0000-0x00FF TS-8150 register access[1]
0x0100-0x7FFF PC/104 bus space[2]
  1. 16-bit only
  2. Only issues a PC/104 bus cycle if the address falls in this range

Note that the MUXBUS address space is 15-bit wide (32 KiB) while the TS-8150 PC/104 offers 21 bits of address. Physical PC/104 address bits 20:15 are repeated bits 13:8 of the requested address. The lower 15-bits of address are put on the bus as requested.

See the PC/104 Header section for more information on general PC/104 access

PC/104 ISA16550

You can use the included ts4700_isa16550 driver to load support for various devices such as the TS-IRIDIUM, or TS-MULTI-104.

For example, to load a single device:

# Assumes COM1 and IRQ7 jumpers are set
modprobe ts4700_isa16550 com=0x3f8 irq=7

If you are loading multiple devices, you can specify the COM and IRQ in a single command. For example, to set up a TS-SER4 with only jumpers IRQ4, IRQ2, and COM1 set:

modprobe ts4700_isa16550 irq=6,6,6,6 com=0x3f8,0x2f8,0x3e8,0x2e8

This driver assumes the PC104 base is at 0x0 of the muxbus, but some baseboards such as the TS-8900 use another offset for PC104. This can be specified with the iobase argument:

modprobe ts4700_isa16550 com=0x3f8 irq=7 iobase=0x81008800

XUARTS

The XUARTs are ttl serial ports implemented in the FPGA. These communicate with the userspace driver xuartctl. Each XUART core in the FPGA can handle up to 8 XUARTs, though the default TS-4710 FPGA contains 6. The XUART serial ports have a single shared 4kByte receive FIFO which makes real time interrupt latency response less of a concern and in actual implementation, the serial ports are simply polled at 100Hz and don't even use an IRQ. Even with all 8 ports running at 230400 baud, it is not possible to overflow the receive FIFO in 1/100th of a second. The "xuartctl --server" daemon is started by default in the init scripts which sets up listening TCP/IP ports for all XUART channels on ports 7350-7357. An application may simply connect to these ports via localhost (or via the network) and use the serial ports as if they were network services.

The typical method for accessing xuarts is using the pts layer. For example:

eval $(xuartctl --server --port 3 --mode=8n1 --speed 9600 2>&1); ln -s $ttyname /dev/ttyxuart3

This will set up XUART port 3 to 9600 baud, 8n1, and symlink it to /dev/ttyxuart3. In your application you can open the /dev/ttyxuart3 and for most part you can access this just like any other uart. When using the PTS layer, there are several operations that are not supported. The mode and baud rate must be set up with xuartctl, and cannot be programatically changed with the standard ioctl.

The XUARTs can be managed with xuartctl. See the xuartctl page for more details on programming with XUARTs. See either of these links for more information on using serial ports in Linux:

CAN

The CAN controller contained in the FPGA is compatible with the register interface for the SJA1000. This is implemented using SocketCAN.

Before proceeding with the examples, see the Kernel's CAN documentation here.

This board comes preinstalled with can-utils which can be used to communicate over a CAN network without writing any code. The candump utility can be used to dump all data on the network

## First, set the baud rate and bring up the device:
ip link set can0 type can bitrate 250000
ip link set can0 up

## Dump data & errors:
candump -cae can0,0:0,#FFFFFFFF &

## Send the packet with:
#can_id = 0x7df
#data 0 = 0x3
#data 1 = 0x1
#data 2 = 0x0c
cansend can0 7Df#03010c

This example packet is designed to work with the Ozen Elektronik myOByDic 1610 ECU simulator to read the RPM speed. This device will return data from candump with:

 can0  7DF  [3] 03 01 0C                  '...'
 can0  7E8  [8] 04 41 0C 2F C0 00 00 00   '.A./....'
 can0  7E9  [8] 04 41 0C 2F 80 00 00 00   '.A./....'

In this case, 0x2f is the current RPM value. This shows a simple way you can prove out the communication before moving to another language, but this next example sends the same packet and parses the same response in C:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <linux/can.h>
#include <linux/can/raw.h>

int main(void)
{
	int s;
	int nbytes;
	struct sockaddr_can addr;
	struct can_frame frame;
	struct ifreq ifr;
	struct iovec iov;
	struct msghdr msg;
	char ctrlmsg[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval)) + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(__u32))];
	char *ifname = "can0";
 
	if((s = socket(PF_CAN, SOCK_RAW, CAN_RAW)) < 0) {
		perror("Error while opening socket");
		return -1;
	}
 
	strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname);
	ioctl(s, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr);
	addr.can_family  = AF_CAN;
	addr.can_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
 
	if(bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
		perror("socket");
		return -2;
	}
 
 	/* For the ozen myOByDic 1610 this requests the RPM guage */
	frame.can_id  = 0x7df;
	frame.can_dlc = 3;
	frame.data[0] = 3;
	frame.data[1] = 1;
	frame.data[2] = 0x0c;
 
	nbytes = write(s, &frame, sizeof(struct can_frame));
	if(nbytes < 0) {
		perror("write");
		return -3;
	}

	iov.iov_base = &frame;
	msg.msg_name = &addr;
	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
	msg.msg_control = &ctrlmsg;
	iov.iov_len = sizeof(frame);
	msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_can);
	msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrlmsg);  
	msg.msg_flags = 0;

	do {
		nbytes = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0);
		if (nbytes < 0) {
			perror("read");
			return -4;
		}

		if (nbytes < (int)sizeof(struct can_frame)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "read: incomplete CAN frame\n");
		}
	} while(nbytes == 0);

	if(frame.data[0] == 0x4)
		printf("RPM at %d of 255\n", frame.data[3]);
 
	return 0;
}

Other languages have bindings to access CAN such as Python using C-types, Java using JNI.

Baseboard Register Map

All of these registers are intended for 16 bit access. You can find this range at 0x80008000. The MUXBUS configuration register must first be set before accessing this range. For example, to read the board ID:

devmem 0x80008000 16 # Read Board ID register (0x0)


Offset Bits Access Description
0x0 15:0 Read Only Board ID (0x8150)
0x2 3:0 Read Only PLD revision
7:4 Read/Write Value to control PWM for LCD contrast
8 Read/Write TS-8150 USB Reset
9 Read/Write Controls ISA_RESET on the PC/104 bus
10 Read/Write Enables a 14.3 MHz clock on the PC/104 bus (B30) and the PLD (default 1)
11 Read/Write Enables the RS-232 transceiver (default 1)
12 Read/Write Toggles 5 V to the LCD header pin 1
13 Read/Write Enable CAN1 standby
14 Read/Write Enable CAN2 standby
15 Read/Write Enables the PWM output for the contrast value
0x4 1:0 Read/Write PC/104 B12:B11 output data
2 Read/Write PC/104 B19 output data
15:3 N/A Reserved
0x6 7:0 Read/Write LCD pins 14:7 output data
8 Read/Write LCD Header pin 6 output data
9 Read/Write LCD Header pin 3 output data
10 Read/Write LCD Header pin 5 output data
11 Read/Write AVR MOSI
12 Read/Write AVR SCLK
13 Read/Write AVR RESET
14:15 N/A Reserved
0x8 1:0 Read/Write PC/104 B12:B11 data direction
2 Read/Write PC/104 B19 data direction
15:3 N/A Reserved
0xa 7:0 Read/Write LCD pins 14:7 data direction
8 Read/Write LCD Header pin 6 data direction
9 Read/Write LCD Header pin 3 data direction
10 Read/Write LCD Header pin 5 data direction
15:11 N/A Reserved
0xc 1:0 Read Only PC/104 B12:B11 input
2 Read Only PC/104 B19 input data
15:3 N/A Reserved
0xe 7:0 Read Only LCD header pins 14-7 input data
8 Read Only LCD Write/Read (pin 6) input data
9 Read Only LCD Register Select (pin 3) input data
10 Read Only LCD Enable (pin 5) input data
11 Read/Write AVR MISO
15:12 N/A Reserved
Note: The registers for controlling the #DIO Header are not used on the TS-8150. On the TS-8150 these are brought from the FPGA on the macrocontroller. Refer to the #DIO Header section for more details.

Connectors

Jumpers

The TS-8150 includes a header with several jumpers and signals:

Jumper Description
SD Boot Used for bootstrapping macrocontroller to boot to SD
En Con Enables the Console by replacing XUART1 with the CPU console ttyS0
I2C (top) Connects I2C CLK to the #DIO Header
I2C (bottom) Connects I2C DAT to the #DIO Header
JP6 Connected to MFP_42
TS-8150-Jumpers.png


You can read JP6 with:

echo $(($(devmem 0xd4019004 32) >> 10 & 0x1))

This will return 0 when the jumper is on, and 1 when the jumper is off.

USB Port

The USB is available on two ports as a USB 2.0 host.

USB Host
Header PIN Name
1 USB_5V
2 USB -
3 USB +
4 GND
Note: The TS-4710 OTG port (bottom USB) does not support automatic enumeration when hotplugging devices. Refer to the #USB OTG section for more details.

DIO header

The TS-8100 includes a 2x8 0.1" pitch header with 8 DIO, I2C, and SPI. Most DIO on this header are rated for 3.3V and are not tolerant of 5V IO. The only exception is SPI_MOSI which is 5V tolerant. The DIO on this baseboard can be accessed by manipulating the TS-8100 Register Map.

All DIO pins on this header have 3.9K pull up resistors.

Pinout Header
Pin Name
1 DIO_14
2 Ground
3 DIO_13
4 I2C_CLK
5 DIO_11
6 SPI_CS
7 DIO_10
8 I2C_DAT
9 DIO_08
10 SPI_MISO
11 DIO_07
12 SPI_MOSI
13 DIO_06
14 SPI_CLK
15 DIO_04
16 3.3V

TS-8150-DIO.png

This header is designed to connect to the KPAD accessory which uses the odd DIO on this header to scan a 4x4 keypad. This example scans the KPAD and prints out the pressed character.

/* KPAD 4x4 keypad example code
 *
 * To compile, copy to the board and run:
 * 	gcc kpad.c -o kpad  */
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
 
volatile uint16_t *syscon = 0;
 
// Map DIO 14,13,11,10,8,7,6,4 to "out" as bits 0:7
const int pins[8] = {14,13,11,10,8,7,6,4};
 
uint16_t peek16(uint16_t addr) 
{
    uint16_t value;
 
    if(syscon == 0) {
        int mem = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC);
        syscon = mmap(0,
            getpagesize(),
            PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
            MAP_SHARED,
            mem,
            0x80004000);
    }
 
    return syscon[addr/2];
}
 
void poke16(uint16_t addr, uint16_t value)
{
    if(syscon == 0) {
        int mem = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC);
        syscon = mmap(0,
            getpagesize(),
            PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
            MAP_SHARED,
            mem,
            0x80004000);
    }
 
    syscon[addr/2] = value;
}
 
void set_output(uint8_t out) 
{
    uint16_t val = peek16(0x10);
    int i;
 
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        if(out & (1 << i)) val |= (1 << pins[i]);
        else val &= ~(1 << pins[i]);
    }
 
    poke16(0x10, val);
}
 
void set_ddr(uint8_t ddr) 
{    
    uint16_t val = peek16(0x18);
    int i;
 
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        if(ddr & (1 << i)) val |= (1 << pins[i]);
        else val &= ~(1 << pins[i]);
    }
 
    poke16(0x18, val);
}
 
uint8_t get_input() 
{
    uint16_t val = peek16(0x20);
    uint8_t in = 0;
    int i;
 
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        if(val & (1 << pins[i])) in |= (1 << i);
        else in &= ~(1 << i);
    }
 
    return in;
}
 
int main()
{
    uint8_t ddr = 0x0f;
    uint8_t out = 0xff;
    int row, col;
 
    char *keys[4][4] = {
        { "1", "2", "3", "UP" },
        { "4", "5", "6", "DOWN" },
        { "7", "8", "9", "2ND" },
        { "CLEAR", "0", "HELP", "ENTER" }
    };
 
    //set first 4 as outputs, last 4 as inputs
    set_ddr(ddr);
 
    while(1) {
        for(row = 0; row < 4; row++) {
            set_output(~(1 << row));
            usleep(50000);
            uint16_t in = get_input();
            for(col = 4; col < 8; col++) {
                if(~in & (1 << col)) {
                    // If we read it, sleep and read again to debounce
                    usleep(1000);
                    in = get_input();
                    if(~in & (1 << col)) {
                        printf("%s\n", keys[row][col - 4]);
                        fflush(stdout);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    return 0;
}

LCD Header

The LCD header is designed around compatibility with our low cost LCD-LED: Alphanumeric 2x24 LCD. These IO are accessed through manipulation of the registers directly. Connector CN8 is a 14 pin (2x7) 0.1" spacing header.

Pinout Header
Pin Name
1 LCD_5V [1]
2 Ground
3 LCD_RS
4 LCD_BIAS
5 LCD_EN
6 LCD_WR#
7 LCD_D1
8 LCD_D0
9 LCD_D3
10 LCD_D2
11 LCD_D5
12 LCD_D4
13 LCD_D7
14 LCD_D6

TS-8150-LCD.png

  1. Provides up to 1400mA
WARNING: LCD_D0 thru LCD_D7 are 5V tolerant. LCD_WR#, LCD_RS, and LCD_EN are not.

This example project allows you to pipe in data separated by newlines, or you can call the application with arguments to draw the two lines. For example:

./lcd Technologic Systems

Will write this to the screen:

LCD LED example.jpg
/* LCD 2x24 character example code
 *
 * To compile, copy to the board and run:
 * 	gcc lcd.c -o lcd  */
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

void lcd_init(void);
void lcd_wait(void);
void lcd_command(unsigned int cmd);
void lcd_writechars(unsigned char *dat);

// These are nanosecond delays
#define SETUP   800
#define PULSE   1600
#define HOLD    800

// The mpeek/mpoke functions are specific to the TS-47XX
volatile uint16_t *muxbus = 0;
int mem = 0;
uint16_t mpeek16(uint16_t addr) 
{
    uint16_t value;
    if (mem == 0)
        mem = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC);
 
    if(muxbus == 0)
        muxbus = mmap(0,
            getpagesize(),
            PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
            MAP_SHARED,
            mem,
            0x80008000);
 
    return muxbus[addr/2];
}
 
void mpoke16(uint16_t addr, uint16_t value)
{
    if (mem == 0)
        mem = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC);
 
    if(muxbus == 0)
        muxbus = mmap(0,
            getpagesize(),
            PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
            MAP_SHARED,
            mem,
            0x80008000);
 
    muxbus[addr/2] = value;
}

void lcd_init(void) {
    uint16_t out;
    // Data lines to inputs, control lines to outputs
    mpoke16(0xa, 0x700);
    
    out = mpeek16(0x6);
    // Set LCD_EN and LCD_RS low
    out &= ~(0x600);
    // Set LCD_WR high
    out |= 0x100;
    mpoke16(0x6, out);

    usleep(15000);
    lcd_command(0x38); // two rows, 5x7, 8 bit
    usleep(4100);
    lcd_command(0x38); // two rows, 5x7, 8 bit
    usleep(100);
    lcd_command(0x38); // two rows, 5x7, 8 bit
    lcd_command(0x6); // cursor increment mode
    lcd_wait();
    lcd_command(0x1); // clear display
    lcd_wait();
    lcd_command(0xc); // display on, blink off, cursor off
    lcd_wait();
    lcd_command(0x2); // return home
}

void lcd_wait(void) {
    uint16_t ddr, out, in;
    int i, dat, tries = 0;
    struct timespec dly;
    dly.tv_sec = 0;

    mpoke16(0xa, mpeek16(0xa) & 0xff00);
    out = mpeek16(0x6);
    
    do {
        // step 1, apply RS & WR
        out |= 0x100; // de-assert WR
        out &= ~0x200; // de-assert RS
        mpoke16(0x6, out);

        // step 2, wait
        dly.tv_nsec = SETUP;
        nanosleep(&dly, NULL);

        // step 3, assert EN
        out |= 0x400;
        mpoke16(0x6, out);

        // step 4, wait
        dly.tv_nsec = PULSE;
        nanosleep(&dly, NULL);

        // step 5, de-assert EN, read result
        in = mpeek16(0xe) & 0xff;
        out &= ~0x400; // de-assert EN
        mpoke16(0x6, out);

        // step 6, wait
        dly.tv_nsec = HOLD;
        nanosleep(&dly, NULL);
    } while (in & 0x80 && tries++ < 1000);
}

void lcd_command(unsigned int cmd) {
    int i;
    uint16_t out;
    struct timespec dly;
    dly.tv_sec = 0;

    // Set port A to outputs
    mpoke16(0xa, mpeek16(0xa) | 0x00ff);
    out = mpeek16(0x6);

    // step 1, apply RS & WR, send data
    out &= 0xff00;
    out |= (cmd & 0xff);
    out &= ~(0x300); // de-assert RS, assert WR
    mpoke16(0x6, out);

    // step 2, wait
    dly.tv_nsec = SETUP;
    nanosleep(&dly, NULL);

    // step 3, assert EN
    out |= 0x400;
    mpoke16(0x6, out);

    // step 4, wait
    dly.tv_nsec = PULSE;
    nanosleep(&dly, NULL);

    // step 5, de-assert EN 
    out &= ~0x400;
    mpoke16(0x6, out);

    // step 6, wait 
    dly.tv_nsec = HOLD;
    nanosleep(&dly, NULL);
}

void lcd_writechars(unsigned char *dat) {
    int i;
    uint16_t out = mpeek16(0x6);
    struct timespec dly;
    dly.tv_sec = 0;

    do {
        lcd_wait();

        // set data lines to outputs
        mpoke16(0xa, mpeek16(0xa) | 0x00ff);

        // step 1, apply RS & WR, send data
        out &= 0xff00;
        out |= *dat++;
        out |= 0x200; // assert RS
        out &= ~0x100; // assert WR
        mpoke16(0x6, out);

        // step 2
        dly.tv_nsec = SETUP;
        nanosleep(&dly, NULL);

        // step 3, assert EN
        out |= 0x400;
        mpoke16(0x6, out);

        // step 4, wait 800 nS
        dly.tv_nsec = PULSE;
        nanosleep(&dly, NULL);

        // step 5, de-assert EN 
        out &= ~0x400;
        mpoke16(0x6, out);

        // step 6, wait
        dly.tv_nsec = HOLD;
        nanosleep(&dly, NULL);
    } while(*dat);
}

 
 /* This program takes lines from stdin and prints them to the
 * 2 line LCD connected to the TS-8100/TS-8160 LCD header.  e.g
 *
 *    echo "hello world" | lcdmesg
 * 
 * It may need to be tweaked for different size displays
 */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int i = 0;

    lcd_init();
    if (argc == 2) {
        lcd_writechars(argv[1]);
    }
    if (argc > 2) {
        lcd_writechars(argv[1]);
        lcd_wait();
        lcd_command(0xa8); // set DDRAM addr to second row
        lcd_writechars(argv[2]);
    }
    if (argc >= 2) return 0;

    while(!feof(stdin)) {
        unsigned char buf[512];

        lcd_wait();
        if (i) {
            // XXX: this seek addr may be different for different
            // LCD sizes!  -JO
            lcd_command(0xa8); // set DDRAM addr to second row
        } else {
            lcd_command(0x2); // return home
        }
        i = i ^ 0x1;
        if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != NULL) {
            unsigned int len;
            buf[0x27] = 0;
            len = strlen(buf);
            if (buf[len - 1] == '\n') buf[len - 1] = 0;
            lcd_writechars(buf);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

COM Headers

Port Type RX (or 485 +) TX (or 485 -) Notes
ttyS0 RS232 DB9 pin 2, COM1 header pin 2 DB9 pin 3, COM1 header pin 3 Only with console enable jumper on
XUART0 RS485 DB9 pin 1, COM1 header pin 1 DB9 pin 6, COM1 header pin 6
XUART1 RS232 DB9 pin 2, COM1 header pin 2 DB9 pin 3, COM1 header pin 3 Only with console enable jumper off
XUART2 RS232 DB9 pin 8, COM1 header pin 8 DB9 pin 7, COM1 header pin 7
XUART3 RS232 COM2 header pin 2 COM2 header pin 3
XUART4 RS485 COM2 header pin 1 COM2 header pin 6
XUART5 RS232 COM3 header pin 2 COM3 header pin 3 CTS available on pin 8
TS-8150-COM.png

PC104 Header

See the #MUXBUS section for more details on working with the MUXBUS peripherals.

The PC/104 connector consists of two rows of pins labeled A and B, the numbering of which is shown below. The signals for the PC/104 interface are generated by a MAX240 PLD on the TS-8150. It converts the MUXBUS cycles from the SoM to PC/104 bus cycles and provides some GPIO pins for finer control of the PC/104 interface.

Any of the I/O labeled DIO_* can be controlled through manipulation of the TS-8150 registers directly. See the PC/104 interface section for more information on how the pins are driven.

Pin Name Pin Name
A1 BUS_BHE# B1 Ground
A2 ISA_D_07 B2 ISA_RESET
A3 ISA_D_06 B3 5 V
A4 ISA_D_05 B4 AD_08
A5 ISA_D_04 B5 3.3 V out
A6 ISA_D_03 B6 Not connected
A7 ISA_D_02 B7 Not connected
A8 ISA_D_01 B8 Not connected
A9 ISA_D_D0 B9 VIN
A10 ISA_WAIT# B10 Ground
A11 ISA_ADD_20 B11 DIO_B11
A12 ISA_ADD_19 B12 DIO_B12
A13 ISA_ADD_18 B13 ISA_IOW#
A14 ISA_ADD_17 B14 ISA_IOR#
A15 ISA_ADD_16 B15 Not connected
A16 ISA_ADD_15 B16 Not connected
A17 ISA_ADD_14 B17 ISA_D_09
A18 ISA_ADD_13 B18 ISA_D_10
A19 ISA_ADD_12 B19 DIO_B19
A20 ISA_ADD_11 B20 ISA_D_12
A21 ISA_ADD_10 B21 ISA_IRQ7
A22 ISA_ADD_09 B22 ISA_IRQ6
A23 ISA_ADD_08 B23 ISA_IRQ5
A24 ISA_ADD_07 B24 Ground
A25 ISA_ADD_06 B25 ISA_D_11
A26 ISA_ADD_05 B26 ISA_D_13
A27 ISA_ADD_04 B27 ISA_D_14
A28 ISA_ADD_03 B28 ISA_D_15
A29 ISA_ADD_02 B29 5 V
A30 ISA_ADD_01 B30 ISA 14.3 MHz
A31 ISA_ADD_00 B31 Ground
A32 Ground B32 Ground
TS-8150-PC104.png
WARNING: Most of the pins on the PC104 bus are 3.3 V tolerant. Refer to the schematic for more details.

Revisions and Changes

TS-4720 PCB Revisions

Revision Changes
A
  • Initial Release

TS-8150 PCB Revisions

PCB Revision Description
A Initial release

FPGA Changelog

FPGA Revision Log
Revision Changes
5
  • XUART FIFO blockram corruption fix
4
  • Added PWM core (used on baseboards like the TS-8700 for slow ADC)
  • Initial TS-4720 support
3
  • Opencore fixed to meet timing (previous opencores would cause SD corruption on writes)
  • reduced to 6 xuarts to help meet timing
  • 8-bit I/O fixed
  • Added auto mute TX when TXEN enabled on XUARTs
  • Added optional 14.3MHz clock
2
  • Added alternate touch screen pin location
  • Added optional 25MHz clock
1 Enabled XUARTs and CAN
0 Initial release

You can update to the latest FPGA by booting to Debian and running:

cd /ts/
wget ftp://ftp.embeddedTS.com/ts-socket-macrocontrollers/ts-4710-linux/binaries/ts-bitstreams/ts4710-fpga-latest.vme.bz2
# The TS-4710 and TS-4712 use the same FPGA.  This will 
# move it to the correct name for either.
mv ts4710-fpga-latest.vme.bz2 ts$(cat /dev/tsmodel)-fpga.vme.bz2

The FPGA is loaded in to the FPGA SRAM on every load, so this file will need to exist for all future boots.

Software Images

2.6 Debian Changelog

This is the changelog for the software image which is shared from the TS-4710, TS-4712, TS-4720, TS-4740, TS-7700, and the TS-7250-V2.

2.6.34 Based Image
Image File Changelog Known Issues
2gbsd-471x-20130221.dd.bz2
  • Initial release
2gbsd-471x-20130221.dd.bz2
  • Updates to Debian Wheezy
  • TS specific utilities exported to Debian
    • Including tshwctl, xuartctl, sdctl
    • Includes busybox for vconfig and devmem
  • Includes more baseboard support
    • TX EN is automatically enabled on known baseboards
  • LCD support
    • TS-TPC-8900 support added
  • Touchscreen supported added
    • TS-TPC-8900 support added
  • Initial driver for SocketCAN support added
  • ts4700ctl revised to tshwctl for consistency among other products
    • tshwctl adds simple support for FPGA DIO with --getdio --setdio --clrdio options
  • tsrf2cf support added
  • ts4700_isa16550 support added for pc104 peripherals like TS-SER4 or TS-MULTI104
  • smsc95xx ethernet support added
  • Icewm removed.
  • fullscreen-webkit added
    • Command is ./fullscreen-webkit <url> to run a full screen browser
    • Replaces icewm as default desktop
  • Fixed FPGA Reload support with release of opencore
  • Added new soft jumpers.
    • JP2 & JP3 are baseboard specific.
      • Controls support such as ethernet switch config
    • JP4 enables read only mode
    • JP5 disables network autoconfig from initramfs. This can still be set from Debian
  • CAN Controller currently inaccesible
  • Second SD card not supported in sdctl
  • smsc95xx periodically does not set MAC address correctly (already fixed in next image)
  • mdnsd is not correctly started
  • Debian Wheezy boot speed not yet optimized
2gbsd-471x-20130515.dd.bz2
  • Updated kernel. See git for the full changelog.
  • TS-8700 support
  • TS-8280 support
  • Added SocketCAN support and example userspace utilities (cansend, candump, etc)
  • Fixed FPGA reload to be reliable
  • mdnsd started correctly
  • fixed JP1 causing serial console to break
  • USB OTG not yet supported
  • Second SD card not supported in sdctl
2gbsd-471x-20130522.dd.bz2
  • Second SD card not supported in sdctl
  • No audio support
  • PCIe breaks kernel register interface to FPGA
2gbsd-471x-20130531.dd.bz2
  • Disabled PCIe pending fixes for SMC FPGA interface
  • Added TS-8150 support.
  • Added TS-8920 support.
  • Marvell switch chip drops fragmented packets (TS-4712 only)
    • Set MTU to 1501 on eth0 as a workaround.
  • PCIe disabled pending fix.
  • No Audio support
  • Second SD card not supported in sdctl
2gbsd-471x-20130806.dd.bz2
  • Implemented default splash screen, see /ts/splash
  • Audio support (sgtl5000, wm8750, sii9022)
    • Audio startup noise added, see /ts/startup.wav
  • AutoStart X11 in the initramfs
    • Configure started apps with /ts/initramfs-xinit
  • Default x session changed to icewm-lite for faster boot time
  • ifplugd is no longer run when jp1 is set due to race condition
    • Configure the network in Debian once you are booting there
  • check-usb-update implemented
    • Plug in a USB drive with 1 partition containing /tsinit which will automatically run. Used primarily for production.
  • sdctl updated to support dual SD
    • Start "nbd-client 127.0.0.1 7501 /dev/nbd1" to access second card
    • Doublestore fixes added
  • PCIe fixes included, PCIe enabled by default on suported macros with pxa168
  • compat-drivers included
    • Includes common wireless drivers
  • Marvell Switch Chip fixes added
  • Wheezy updated to latest in repository
  • Added support for both onboard/offboard switches
    • Used in cases such as TS-4720 + TS-8700
  • Added initial TS-4740 support
    • Uses Xilinx FPGA for reload, added spiflash tools
      • spiflashctl added
      • bin2coe added
      • new tshwctl commands
    • eMMC support
  • TS-4720 support added
  • Generates random MAC address if none is programmed.
    • Should only be used for production
  • Added Kexec support
    • Allows support for NFS/http/ftp/etc kernel and rootfs loading
  • Xuartctl defaults to 100hz instead of IRQ driven
    • IRQ behavior is specifically tuned for best latency, but requires high CPU
  • Debian Wheezy configured to continue booting in the event of a fsck error unless it is completely unrepairable
  • ts-sendsigs-omit script fixes so multiple nbd-clients or xuartctls are not killed early in shutdown
  • Root filesystem is now always /dev/rootfs rather than /dev/nbd0p2
    • TS-4740/TS-4720 can boot to /dev/nbd1p2, so the actual rootfs is automatically symlinked to /dev/rootfs
  • Unionfs crashes with a kernel oops when JP4 is enabled.
2gbsd-471x-20130815.dd.bz2
  • TS-8700 switch reset race condition fixed
  • Fixed FPGA reload for TS-4712/20
  • tshwctl minor fixes
    • ethinfo overflow fixed
    • tagmem is now only written if value actually changed with setjp/removejp/setmac
  • Unionfs crashes with a kernel oops when JP4 is enabled.
4gbsd-471x-20131004.dd.bz2
  • Switched to EXT3 by default
    • Doublestore users should disable journaling to reduce writes vs old ext2
  • Image sized for already shipping 4GB MicroSD cards
  • TS-8400 support completed
  • ifpulgd now starts on switch interfaces correctly
  • /ts/config file create to allow for further configuration of the initramfs. See this file for more information.
  • Soft Jumpers 2,3,4,5 have been removed and are implemented in the /ts/config file which allows more than 8 settings
    • The config file allows enabling and configuring utilities like ifplugd, xuartctl, mdnsd, and more.
    • Read only jumper 4 removed due to bugs with unionfs.
    • Behavior of JP1 and JP8 are not changed
    • JP7 added to minimize initramfs initialization for manual boot.
  • Reloading the TS-4712 and TS-4720 now resets the model number correctly after a soft reload
  • X11 in Debian started with correct HOME variable so a valid .Xauthority file is created
    • This allows DISPLAY=:0 to work, and fixes some dns resolution issues
  • /etc/init.d/motd updated to include additional information for debugging
  • tshwctl updated
    • TS-7700 EVGPIO (getdio/setdio/clrdio) added
    • --getdio is fixed which would previously change the direction for all DIO in the first register when used (DIO 0-15)
    • --rtcinfo implemented which provides more status information on the RTC
  • Kernel updated
    • Included commonly requested features in default config
        • Bluetooth, ipv6, netfilter (iptables), bridging, and more device support.
    • wm8750 support added for TS-8400
    • sgtl5000 supports an option to disable standby to prevent audible pops
    • See git for the full changelog.
  • Unionfs support disabled
4gbsd-471x-20140306.dd.bz2
  • Fixed rare reboot lockup
  • Added Marvell switch chip errata fix for 10Mb/s ethernet
  • Added minimum packet size for TS-4712/TS-4720 to work around corrupt FCS from switch chip
  • Added TS-4720 support
  • Added TS-4740 support
4gbsd-471x-20140430.dd.bz2
  • Initial TS-7250-V2 support
  • Initramfs now prints boot device on TS-7250-V2 and TS-4720
  • Initramfs zeroconf/ipv4ll IP is now only used as a fallback if dhcp fails
    • Fixes mdns resolving zeroconf to a system with no route to it
  • Updated tshwctl with rtcinfo, and 7250v2 dio/adc support
  • Updated sdctl for 7250v2
  • Debian updated with empty killprocs script
    • Normal killprocs ignores debians list of processes not to kill which kills the nbd-client
    • Empty killprocs will succeed these updates, but not restart processes
  • USB WiFi modules not compiled with the kernel. USB WiFi will not work, and requires a kernel compile and rebuilding the modules as outlined in the Compile the Kernel section.
* 4gbsd-471x-20140724.dd.bz2
  • Fixed TS-7250-V2 ADCs
  • Fixed 16550 driver for 7250v2
  • Fixed USB WIFI module regression
  • eMMC on 7250v2 is now converted to SLC.
  • Enabled /dev/i2c interface in the default kernel
  • Added new CFG options
    • CFG_MUTE_CPU_UART=1 will completely disable output on /dev/ttyS0 after the bootrom messages
    • CFG_XUART_CONSOLE_EN=<0-7> will use an XUART for console instead of /dev/ttyS0
* EVGPIO IRQ #2 requires a build from the latest kernel sources
* 4gbsd-471x-20140924.dd.bz2
  • Using older images if multiple copies of tshwctl are run at the same time which access tagmem, this can corrupt the mac address and the soft jumpers. In some cases this could also break the touchscreen loading random data as calibration. This new tshwctl includes locking that will prevent multiple copies from accessing tagmem simultaneously.
  • Removed udev rule that allocates eth# to a mac address
* 4gbsd-471x-20141013.dd.bz2
  • Switched sdctl to using Unix Domain Sockets instead of localhost tcp.
    • This gets around a rare bug that would cause the kernel to drop packets on localhost under heavy congestion.
    • This changes only involves a new kernel/initramfs and does not impact the debian filesystem.
  • Fixed touchscreen regression
    • On older images the calibration was slightly off in the bottom right corner of the TS-TPC-8390
    • Fixed in ts_lcd.c in the kernel
  • Updated Debian for shellshock vulnerability.
    • Older images can just "apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade"
  • Fixed booting to lun1
  • Updated touchscreen calibration for all TPCs
  • Added SLC eMMC image for TS-4720
  • Fixed tshwctl tagmem regression
  • Fixed I210 support (4740)
  • CAN fixed for TS-7250-V2
  • Full size SD now supported on TS-7250-V2
    • Make a single read to scan the device "dd if=/dev/nbd2 bs=512 count=1 of=/dev/null", and then read /dev/nbd2p1 for the first partition.
  • Updated to latest Debian Wheezy
  • Fixed initramfs so DIO9 does not reset the carrier boards without a push switch.

3.14 Debian Changelog

3.14 Based Image
Image File Changelog Known Issues
* 4gbsd-471x-3x-20140828.dd.bz2
  • This is a beta image
  • New 3.14.16 kernel
  • Fixed ts_lcd which would incorrectly attempt to load calibration from tagmem which is no longer used.
  • Fixed udev bug which broke keyboards & mice on x11
    • Fixed with this on older systems:
    • echo "SUBSYSTEM==\"input\", ENV{ID_INPUT}==\"\", IMPORT{builtin}=\"input_id\"" >> /etc/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules
  • USB OTG host does not work. The 1 CPU USB host still works.
  • PCIe, and intel I210 (TS-4740) support not yet functional.
  • Muxed IRQs (PC104, CAN, optionally XUART) currently do not work.
  • Switched sdctl to using Unix Domain Sockets instead of localhost tcp.
    • This gets around a rare bug that would cause the kernel to drop packets on localhost under heavy congestion.
    • This changes only involves a new kernel/initramfs and does not impact the debian filesystem.
  • Fixed touchscreen regression
    • On older images the calibration was slightly off in the bottom right corner of the TS-TPC-8390
    • Fixed in ts_lcd.c in the kernel
  • Updated Debian for shellshock vulnerability.
    • Older images can just "apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade"
  • No Audio
  • LCD still requires timing updates since vsync is off
  • USB OTG is not currently working
  • More common devices included in default kernel
  • USB OTG Fixed
  • tshwctl tagmem regression fixed
  • LCD timing off
  • No Audio
  • Fixed I210 support (4740)
  • CAN fixed for TS-7250-V2
  • Full size SD now supported on TS-7250-V2
    • Make a single read to scan the device "dd if=/dev/nbd2 bs=512 count=1 of=/dev/null", and then read /dev/nbd2p1 for the first partition.
  • Updated to latest Debian Wheezy
  • Fixed initramfs so DIO9 does not reset the carrier boards without a push switch.
  • Fixed LCD timing
  • Fixed Ethernet link unreliability without onboard switch
  • No Audio
  • No change in SD image, eMMC image reuploaded after noticing some missing files.

Further Resources

For further support you can go to our Developer Forums here. You can also contact us for more information.

We recommend reading our white papers if they are relevant to your project:

For learning more about Debian:

For Linux programming in general:

Product Notes

FCC Advisory

This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly (that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions), may cause interference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference, in which case the owner will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

If this equipment does cause interference, which can be determined by turning the unit on and off, the user is encouraged to try the following measures to correct the interference:

Reorient the receiving antenna. Relocate the unit with respect to the receiver. Plug the unit into a different outlet so that the unit and receiver are on different branch circuits. Ensure that mounting screws and connector attachment screws are tightly secured. Ensure that good quality, shielded, and grounded cables are used for all data communications. If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. The following booklets prepared by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) may also prove helpful:

How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems (Stock No. 004-000-000345-4) Interface Handbook (Stock No. 004-000-004505-7) These booklets may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Limited Warranty

See our Terms and Conditions for more details.