Ts75xx sd image
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Click to download the latest 2GB SD card image. |
Once downloaded you can decompress the image using bzip2:
bzip2 -d 2gbsd-noeclipse-latest.dd.bz2
The resulting file will be "2gbsd-noeclipse-latest.dd".
For imaging the SD card we recommend using a Linux or similar operating system that allows you to access a block device using dd. We do not support rewriting the SD card from Windows.
If you are reprogramming the SD card from your workstation you will also need to determine the SD card device. Once you have connected the SD card to your workstation you can usually find the correct block device in the output of "dmesg". For example:
[ 309.498834] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] 3862528 512-byte logical blocks: (1.97 GB/1.84 GiB) [ 309.519814] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 309.519818] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 03 00 00 00 [ 309.519819] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 309.536025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 309.536029] sdb: sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 [ 309.559672] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 309.559676] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
On this system my SD card block device is /dev/sdb, but your system will likely be different. The block devices are allocated in order by the letter so the next USB drive connected would be /dev/sdc. On some newer kernels you will see '/dev/mmcblk0' as the block device and '/dev/mmcblk0p1' for the first partition. For these examples I will use the '/dev/mmcblk0' format.
| WARNING: | Many distributions will name your hard drive something like /dev/sda or /dev/hda which will have the same naming scheme as an SD card or a USB drive. Make sure you are aware which device is which before writing the disk. Technologic Systems is not responsible for any data lost/destroyed because of improper command execution. |
| WARNING: | If you are working with the SD card from your workstation, keep in mind that most Linux distributions will mount the partitions that they can as soon as the drive is inserted. This is desirable if you want to open the filesystem, but for dealing directly with the block device for performing backups or restoring an image this is dangerous to your data. |
To verify if your workstation has mounted the block device on insertion:
cat /proc/mounts
# look for your SD card block device to see if this is already mounted.
If the block device did automatically mount, you will need to refer to your distribution's documentation for disabling automounting. For example, this is Ubuntu's documentation on disabling automounting. If you are not using a graphical Linux system this should not be a concern, but make sure no filesystems are mounted read only or read write while writing or reading an image.
For backing up or restoring any images from the board you will need to make sure you do not have any partitions mounted. On the default configuration you can write an image from the initrd after unmounting /mnt/root:
umount /mnt/root/
Restore from Workstation
To write the latest image or restore to stock you would use the dd command. This will perform a byte for byte copy from our image. This contains the MBR boot code with the partition tables, the kernel, initrd, and Debian filesystem. No other formatting or partitioning is needed.
Write an image to the entire SD card:
dd if=/path/to/backup.dd of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=4M conv=fsync
If you want to write a new kernel, but not an entire image you can rewrite the second partition:
dd if=/path/to/zImage bs=4M of=/dev/mmcblk0p2 conv=fsync
Backup from Workstation
To backup an entire SD card image:
dd if=/dev/mmcblk0 of=/path/to/backup.dd bs=4M
This will create a dd file the size of the card.
| Note: | A MicroSD card from one manufacturer will likely not be the exact same size as another manufacturer's MicroSD card of the same size. Our partition layouts by default leave the last 10% of the images unallocated to account for the size difference of various manufacturers MicroSD cards. As long as you use our partition layout you should not need to be concerned with this, but if you create your own layout we strongly recommend leaving 10% of the disk unallocated. |
Once you have the disk image you will want to trim this to the last partition so the image doesn't contain the free space at the end of the disk. To get the last sector you would use fdisk:
fdisk -ucl /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 1977 MB, 1977614336 bytes
61 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders, total 3862528 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 512 8703 4096 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 8704 15871 3584 da Non-FS data
/dev/sdb3 16896 20991 2048 da Non-FS data
/dev/sdb4 25088 3170815 1572864 83 Linux
On this SD card the end of the partition is 3170815 sectors. As the sectors each contain 512B the image is 1623457280 bytes. You can use the truncate command to correct the image size:
# This is an example - check your image with fdisk
truncate backup.dd --size=1623457280
Keep in mind these numbers are an example and are not necessarily representative of your image.
If you would like to backup just the Kernel partition, you would grab partition 2.
dd if=/dev/mmcblk0p2 of=/path/to/zImage bs=32k
Restore From the SBC
To write the latest image or restore to stock you would use the dd command. This will perform a byte for byte copy from our image. This contains the MBR boot code with the partition tables, the kernel, initrd, and Debian filesystem. No other formatting or partitioning is needed.
Write an image to the entire SD card:
dd if=/path/to/image-latest.dd of=/dev/nbd9 conv=fsync
Kernel
dd if=/mnt/root/zImage of=/dev/nbd7 conv=fsync
Backup From the SBC
To backup an entire SD card image:
# Determine the block size
eval $(sdctl)
dd if=/dev/nbd5 of=/path/to/backup.dd bs=512 count=$cardsize_sectors conv=sync && sync
This will create an image file the size of the card.
| Note: | A MicroSD card from one manufacturer will likely not be the exact same size as another manufacturer's MicroSD card of the same size. Our partition layouts by default leave the last 10% of the images unallocated to account for the size difference of various manufacturers MicroSD cards. As long as you use our partition layout you should not need to be concerned with this, but if you create your own layout we strongly recommend leaving 10% of the disk unallocated. |
Once you have the disk image you will want to trim this to the last partition so the image doesn't contain the free space at the end of the disk. To get the last sector you would use fdisk:
fdisk -ucl /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 1977 MB, 1977614336 bytes
61 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders, total 3862528 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 512 8703 4096 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 8704 15871 3584 da Non-FS data
/dev/sdb3 16896 20991 2048 da Non-FS data
/dev/sdb4 25088 3170815 1572864 83 Linux
On this SD card the end of the partition is 3170815 sectors. As the sectors each contain 512B the image is 1623457280 bytes. You can use the truncate command to correct the image size:
# This is an example - check your image with fdisk
# truncate is a Debian command and will not be available from busybox
truncate backup.dd --size=1623457280
Keep in mind these numbers are an example and are not necessarily representative of your image.
If you would like to backup just the kernel partition, you would grab partition 2.
dd if=/dev/mmcblk0p2 of=/path/to/zImage bs=32k