TS-4100 Specifications

Power Specification

The TS-4100 module accepts a nominal 5 VDC input.

Input	Min. Voltage	Max. Voltage
5 VDC	4.7 VDC	5.3 VDC

Power Consumption

TS-8551-4100 Consumption

TS-4100-SMW5I (booted from SD)

Input (V)	Test	Avg. (W)	Peak (W)
5 VDC	CPU idle, Ethernet down	0.710 W	0.895 W
5 VDC	CPU fully loaded , Ethernet down	0.935 W	1.060 W
5 VDC	CPU idle, single Ethernet port up and active	1.330 W	1.390 W
5 VDC	CPU fully loaded , single Ethernet port up and active	1.510 W	1.550 W
12 VDC	CPU idle, Ethernet down	0.890 W	1.080 W
12 VDC	CPU fully loaded , Ethernet down	1.115 W	1.225 W
12 VDC	CPU idle, single Ethernet port up and active	1.490 W	1.560 W
12 VDC	CPU fully loaded , single Ethernet port up and active	1.670 W	1.730 W

TS-SILO Power Consumption

The TS-8551-4100 supports TS-SILO Supercapacitors for back-up power in the event of a power loss. Charging of the supercapacitors causes a change in overall power consumption of the whole system. Because of this, the numbers below are the average curve and peak power draw during a full charge cycle of the TS-SILO technology itself. In other words, the power noted below is separate from the numbers listed above and should be added to the numbers above to sum the total power draw of the whole device.

The current consumption of TS-SILO supercapacitors is not linear during charging. The charge process has a curve to it and the maximum average current consumption is near 80% of full capacity. Below we document the average average over the whole curve and the peak consumption that could be seen.

TS-4100-SMW5I (booted from SD)

Input (V)	Avg. (W)	Peak (W)
5 VDC	1.040 W	2.585 W
12 VDC	2.470 W	3.230 W

TS-4100 Consumption

The core of any TS-4100 application, either pared with a baseboard or standalone, is the TS-4100 itself. As a SoM, the TS-4100 contains the bulk of the voltage regulation, CPU, RAM, non-volatile storage, Ethernet PHYs, etc. This is where the bulk of the power is consumed in most applications.

The TS-4100's i.MX6UL CPU is very flexible with power. It can change the running frequency as needed to consume less power or to allow for more processing power.

The following tables list rough numbers measured on a TS-4100 for reference. These numbers were measured using a TS-8551-4100 which has a test point to measure power draw of the TS-4100 directly. Bear in mind that this will include some of the powered devices on the TS-8551 such as RTC, FRAM, RS-232 transceivers, etc., but is after any power input losses.

Please see Power Consumption Caveats for details on how to get these power numbers. Additionally, see Lowest Running Power for an example of the lowest power modes of the whole device.

TS-4100-SMW5I (booted from SD)

Test	Avg. (W)	Peak (W)
CPU idle, Ethernet down	0.665 W	0.890 W
CPU fully loaded , Ethernet down	0.910 W	1.030 W
CPU idle, single Ethernet port up and active	1.315 W	1.390 W
CPU fully loaded , single Ethernet port up and active	1.500 W	1.550 W

Power Consumption Caveats

In order to achieve the numbers documented above, there are some operational caveats that must be noted.

• Due to the design of the Ethernet MAC/PHY of the i.MX6UL CPU and the software patterns of U-Boot and the Linux kernel, the PHYs are booted to Linux in a high power state. This occurs even though Linux leaves the interfaces unconfigured and down. This is because U-Boot brings up the MAC and PHY devices to configure them, but leaves them on. Lower power can be achieved by bringing the interfaces up and then back down if the interfaces are not in use; the kernel puts the PHYs in a low-power state when the interfaces are brought down. This does not apply if both Ethernet interfaces are used. This can be done with:

ifconfig eth0 up
ifconfig eth1 up
ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth1 down

• The WILC WiFi device achieves the lowest power if either the kernel module (wilc_spi) is not loaded, or if the wlan0 interface is brought up but left unconfigured. If WiFi/BLE is not needed for an application, it is best to prevent the wilc_spi module from being loaded. If only BLE is needed in an application, the wlan0 interface should be left down. If WiFi is used in an application, then the driver will automatically handle power levels during operation of the interface.

Lowest Running Power

The lowest power consumption is achieved by having the Ethernet interfaces in low power mode, the WiFi device module unloaded or wlan0 up but unconfigured (see Power Consumption Caveats above for notes on both of these), and the CPU speed locked to its lowest rate (see CPU Frequency Scaling). This can all be achieved with the following commands:

ifconfig eth0 up
ifconfig eth1 up
ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth1 down
ifconfig wlan0 up
echo "userspace" > /sys/bus/cpu/devices/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
echo "198000" > /sys/bus/cpu/devices/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed

TS-4100-SMW5I (booted from SD)

Test	Min. (W)	Avg. (W)	Peak (W)
Network interfaces and CPU frequency as above	0.640 W (with CPU idle)	0.665 W (with CPU idle)	0.815 W (with CPU fully loaded)

I/O Specifications

The GPIO external to the TS-4100 are all nominally 3.3 V, but will have differences depending on if they are CPU/FPGA pins.

The CPU pins have adjustable drive strength and pull resistor configuration. These can be adjusted in software and will have initial values in the device tree. See the device tree for information and details about specific I/O.

The FPGA I/O cannot be adjusted further in software.

IO	Typical Range	Absolute Range	Logic Low Max. Input	Logic High Min. Input	Drive Strength
External CPU GPIO	0 V to 3.3 VDC	-0.5 V to 3.6 V	0.99 V	2.31 V	50 mA
External FPGA GPIO	0 V to 3.3 VDC	-0.5 V to 3.75 V	0.8 V	2.0 V	8 mA

Refer to the MachXO2 Family Datasheet for more detail on the FPGA I/O. Refer to the CPU datasheet for further details on the CPU I/O.

Note:

Do not drive any I/O externally until the 3.3 V rail is valid. Doing so can violate the power sequencing causing boot failures or damage to the device.

Power Output

The TS-4100 generates all internally used voltages from the supplied 5 V input. In addition to that, it outputs a 3.3 V source on the TS-SOCKET connector to provide a reference to the attached baseboard or supply power to some baseboard peripherals.

Rail	Current Source	Location
3.3 V	500 mA	CN2_13, CN2_39

Temperature Specifications

The TS-4100 uses the automotive grade i.MX6UL CPU across all part numbers ensuring consistent behavior across the TS-4100 line. The TS-4100 is designed using industrial components that will support -40 °C to +85 °C operation, however the CPU is rated to a max silicon junction temperature rather than an ambient temperature.

Model	Junction Temp. Min.	Junction Temp. Max.
TS-4100 (all models)	-40 °C	+125 °C

The trip points for thermal throttling are exposed vis /sys/

# Passive
cat /sys/devices/virtual/thermal/thermal_zone0/trip_point_0_temp
# Critical
cat /sys/devices/virtual/thermal/thermal_zone0/trip_point_1_temp

The current CPU silicon temperature can be read with:

cat /sys/devices/virtual/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp

The thermal driver, by default, takes no action if the CPU junction temperature exceeds the passive trip point. However, if the CPU junction exceeds the critical temperature, then the system will halt before the junction temperature exceeds the absolute max specified by the CPU:

[ 1619.447637] thermal thermal_zone0: critical temperature reached(120 C),shutting down
[  OK  ] Stopped target Graphical Interface.
[  OK  ] Closed Load/Save RF Kill Switch Status /dev/rfkill Watch.
[  OK  ] Stopped target Multi-User System.
         Stopping TS-SILO SuperCap Monitor Daemon...
         Stopping OpenBSD Secure Shell server...
[  OK  ] Stopped target Login Prompts.
         Stopping Getty on tty1...
         Stopping Login Service...
         Stopping Serial Getty on ttymxc0...
...